Karel Kriz and Guntram Hazod

# The Burial Mound Sites of Imperial Central Tibet

Map scale 1:800.000

The Burial Mound Sites of Imperial Central Tibet Karel Kriz and Guntram Hazod DPH 525

ISBN 978-3-7001-8561-1

Diese von Karel Kriz und Guntram Hazod erstellte Karte ist aus einer Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Institut für Sozialanthropologie (ISA) der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und dem Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung der Universität Wien entstanden. Sie dokumentiert die Position der über 600 Hügelgräberfelder von Zentraltibet, die das am ISA angesiedelte Projekt "The Burial Mounds of Central Tibet" bisher registrieren konnte. Diese Orte, die historisch der Zeit des Tibetischen Reiches (7.–9. Jh. u. Z.) zuzuordnen sind, verweisen im geographisch relativ kleinen Gebiet von Zentraltibet, der Kernregion des tibetischen Reiches, auf eine Tumulus-Landschaft von enormer Dichte. Das Beiheft zur Karte erläutert die Grundthematik der tibetischen Tumulus-Geschichte und beinhaltet eine Aufistung

This map created by Karel Kriz and Guntram Hazod is the result of a cooperation between the Institute for Social Anthropology (ISA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Geography and Regional Research of the University of Vienna. It illustrates the position of the more than 600 burial mound felds of the Central Tibetan region that have been registered so far by the project "The Burial Mounds of Central Tibet" at ISA. The entries, historically related to the time of the Tibetan Empire (7th–9th century CE), reveal a tumulus landscape of enormous concentration in the relatively small geographic area of Central

Tibet – the heartland of the Tibetan Empire. The supplement gives insight in the general topic of the burial mound history and includes a listing of the sites and their principal classifcations.

Guntram HAZOD ist Senior Researcher am Institut für Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens der

Karel KRIZ ist Assistenzprofessor am Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung der Universität Wien.

der Gräberorte und ihrer prinzipiellen Klassifzierungen.

Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Made in Europe

# KAREL KRIZ, GuntRAm HAZod

# tHE BuRIAL mound SItES of ImpERIAL CEntRAL tIBEt

# ÖStERREICHISCHE AKAdEmIE dER WISSEnSCHAftEn pHILoSopHISCH-HIStoRISCHE KLASSE dEnKSCHRIftEn, 525. BAnd

Veröffentlichungen zur Sozialanthropologie Band 25

# **The Burial Mound Sites of Imperial Central Tibet**

Supplement

Angenommen durch die publikationskommission der philosophischhistorischen Klasse der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften:

Accepted by the publication committee of the division of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Austrian Academy of Sciences by:

michael Alram, Bert G. fragner, Andre Gingrich, Hermann Hunger, Sigrid Jalkotzy-deger, Renate pillinger, franz Rainer, oliver Jens Schmitt, danuta Shanzer, peter Wiesinger, Waldemar Zacharasiewicz

> Veröffentlicht mit unterstützung des Austrian Science fund (fWf): puB 744-Z

open Access: Wo nicht anders festgehalten, ist diese publikation lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Lizenz namensnennung 4.0 open access: Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported License. to view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

> front cover: the central mound of the site 0184 Back cover: Section of the Burial mound Sites map

diese publikation wurde einem anonymen, internationalen Begutachtungsverfahren unterzogen. this publication was subject to international and anonymous peer review.

peer review is an essential part of the Austrian Academy of Sciences press evaluation process. Before any book can be accepted for publication, it is assessed by international specialists and ultimately must be approved by the Austrian Academy of Sciences publication Committee.

Die verwendete Papiersorte in dieser Publikation ist DIN EN ISO 9706 zertifziert und erfüllt die Voraussetzung für eine dauerhafte Archivierung von schriftlichem Kulturgut.

The paper used in this publication is DIN EN ISO 9706 certifed and meets the requirements for permanent archiving of written cultural property.

> Bestimmte Rechte vorbehalten. Some rights reserved. Copyright © Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Wien/Vienna 2020 ISBn 978-3-7001-8561-1 Satz/Layout: daniela Seiler, Wien druck/printed: Gerin, Wolkersdorf https://epub.oeaw.ac.at/8561-1 https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at made in Europe

# SuppLEmEnt

# **The Burial Mound Sites of Imperial Central Tibet, Map scale 1:800.000**

the map "the Burial mound Sites of Imperial Central tibet, map scale 1:800.000" is the result of an inter-disciplinary cooperation project between the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Social Anthropology (ISA) and the university of Vienna, department of Geography and Regional Research (IfGR), Section Cartography and Geoinformation. the map illustrates the position of the burial mound felds in the central Tibetan region that have been registered so far by the "Tibetan tumulus project" (TTT), an Austrian Science Fund (FWF) fnanced long-term research conducted at the Austrian Academy of Sciences' Institute for Social Anthropology.1 the entries of districts and key political sites related to the time of the tibetan Empire (7th-9th cent. CE) form the relevant historical reference for this distribution map. this reveals a tumulus landscape of enormous concentration in the relatively small geographic area of Central tibet (dbus-Gtsang region), largely the ancient Bod, which in geographical, economic and political terms formed the heartland of the tibetan Empire.

the following supplement gives insight in the general topic of the burial mound sites of imperial Central tibet as well as a short overview of the cartographic map structure and creation. It concludes with a listing that represents an adapted version of the site list given on the ttt website.

## General o verview

Chronologically, most of the tumulus sites are to be dated to the imperial time, but there are indications that burying in grave mounds was already practised in the previous chiefdom period, although the beginning of this period can only vaguely be dated to the 4th century CE.2 With the formation of the empire in the early 7th century the old districts were gradually transformed into administrative units (i.e. the "horn" (*ru*) division and the sub-units of civil and military thousand districts)3 , which as the home territory of the families in the service of the state and the imperial regiments apparently also served as the place for the burial of the dead. (the individual sites were usually not far from the settlements.) the larger mounds (up to 80m) within these "peripheral felds" (i.e. situated outside the royal necropolis)

<sup>1</sup> this research project on the tibetan tumulus tradition, entitled "the Burial mounds of Central tibet" (ttt), started in 2013 and is currently in its second phase, both parts fnanced by the Austrian Science Fund: FWF P 25066 (2013-17); P 30393 (2017-21). See the website: https://www.oeaw.ac.at/tibetantumulustradition.

<sup>2</sup> this hypothetical start of the tumulus tradition coincides with the situation in Qinghai, where a second, albeit much smaller, tumulus area of similar density is to be found in the area of the former tuyuhun principality, on the upper reaches of the Yellow River (not marked on the present map; for these sites, see e.g. Tong Tao 2008).

<sup>3</sup> See for details Hazod 2009.

should be allocated to the civil and military elites in the time of the tibetan Empire.4 the latter's demise in the mid-9th century also meant the end of this form of burial in tibet whose visible manifestations – the countless grave mounds and its related additions (sacrifcial pits, remains of ritual enclosures etc.) – represent highly signifcant examples of Tibet's pre-Buddhist culture.

"Burial mound sites" means "grave feld" that may vary from just a handful of tombs up to several hundred mounds. the following listing represents an adapted version of the site list given on the ttt website. In table 1 the sites are ordered according to the modern administrative division of prefecture and county (and their relation to the former horn divisions, in square brackets). this is combined with some basic information noted for each site, in the order of: Id number of the site – serial number of the site within the particular county [in square brackets] – modern district (xiang) where the grave feld is located – exact geographical position / altitude – "feld type" (FT) – "mound type" (MT) – survey details. table 2 summarises the same sites in numerical order (0001-0616).

#### Cartography

the content of the map portrays the distribution and accumulation of all so far registered burial mound sites of the ttt (tibetan tumulus tradition) project (fn. 1). the requirement was to visualize all of the more than 600 sites in a clear and comprehensible way. However due to the restrictions in reproduction size and therefore reliant symbol size, some burial mound locations had to be reallocated and subsequently clustered. It would have been necessary to enlargen the scale to a considerable degree in order to depict all sites as singular locations, which would have in turn enlargened the map signifcantly.

Due to the distribution of the sites and the desired map extension of A0, the principal workfow was designed to accommodate a fnal scale of 1 : 800 000. Consequently, the principle map was not able to include all registered felds. Therefore, the four westernmost sites had to be depicted in insets. In general, the map was developed to be used as a wall map as well as a folding map. thus, some graphical concessions had to be made. The map projection parameters were defned as follows: Lambert Conformal Conic, datum WGS 1984, Central meridian 90°E, Standard parallels 25°n, 40°n.

due to the historical character of the map, special attention was paid to the fact that modern map elements such as current administrative borders, present cities or highways that primarily enable current day orientation were depicted in a subtle fashion. therefore, these map elements were illustrated in brighter grey tones. on the contrary, most historical map elements have colorful symbols and dark grey or black labels in order to be perceived. the background raster has a natural nature-orientated coloring that emphasizes woodlands and more humid areas to the south and southeast regions of the tibetan Highland. A combined shading with a focus on an oblique light depiction visualizes the relief in a threedimensional way and shows the high relief energy of the Himalayan Range. Beside the principal map, two insets were integrated. these additional maps provide an overview of the tibetan Autonomous Region and show supplementary topics.

<sup>4</sup> On the classifcation and historical identifcation of the sites, see Hazod 2018; Hazod 2019.

The frst (left) inset provides an overview of the four imperial horn provinces and illustrates the four westernmost sites. the delimitation of the horn provinces that is based only on textual descriptions of ancient tibetan reports turned out to be a very touchy issue. therefore, the horn borders have to be looked upon as uncertain. The second (right) inset exemplifes the site density per county and provides an overview of the burial mound sites in each regional entity.

th e f o l l o w i n g l i s t i n g d e s c r i b e s t h e m a p c o n t e n t o f t h e t h r e e d i s p l a y e d m a p s :


(1) principal map (the Burial mound Sites of Imperial Central tibet)


• Geographical names: indication of important regions and districts (selected by Hazod). The extent and relevance of an area is shown by its font size – the larger the more important. furthermore, the following map elements are labelled: horn provinces, rivers, lakes, mountains, places and selected temples.

(2) first inset (the Horn provinces of Imperial Central tibet)


(3) the second inset (Burial mound Site density per County)


#### **Listing representing an adapted version of the site list given on the TTT website**

#### Key:

**FT** = The principal types of the grave felds' topographical settings


With the exception of the FT-C types, all felds are usually above the valley foor overlooking the arable land and the houses of the living.

#### **M T** = p rincipal mound types


 tombs of the mt-C types are rectangular, mostly trapezoidal. they are to be found in the size range of small (5-20m), medium (20-30m) and large (up to ca. 130m). (the latter two categories should be classifed as elite mounds of the civil and military aristocracy of the imperial period, and include the grave monuments of the royal necropolis; for the latter, see Hazod 2018). Usually the height of a larger tomb is not more than 5 to 10m.

mt-d: the *stūpa*-shaped tomb and the mound type with a *maṇḍala*-shaped ground plan – both most likely from the Buddhist period of the empire (late 8th and 9th century).

f urther abbreviations:

s = single tomb.

n = feld with an unusually large number of tombs (more than 100).


\* \* \*

# tABLE 1

the list of burial mound sites ordered according to the modern administrative divisions

#### **Lho kha Prefecture** [190 sites]

1. Sne gdong County [G.yo ru] (35 sites)

0001 - Rtse thang: +29°12'36",+91°47'32" / 3635m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); s; plus; v (2013, 2014); ref. 0002 - Khra 'brug: +29°11'32",+91°47'45" / 3800m; FT-B, FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); v (2014); ref. 0003 - Rtse thang: +29°10'21",+91°47'22" / 3790m; FT-B; MT-C (50m); v (2013); ref. 0004 - Khra 'brug: +29°10'09",+91°47'02" / 3695m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (20m); v (2013) 0005 - Khra 'brug: +29°09'58",+91°46'54" / 3735m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (25m); v (2013) 0006 - Khra 'brug: +29°09'45",+91°47'58" / 3780m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-A; n; v (2013) 0007 - Khra 'brug: +29°08'43",+91°48'34" / 3840m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (25m); plus; nv (sat) 0008 - Khra 'brug: +29°08'25",+91°48'55" / 3745m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-A; plus; nv (sat) 0009 - Rtse thang: +29°14'22",+91°44'25" / 3600m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m) (?); s; v (1999, 2010); ref. 0010 - Rtse thang: +29°14'04",+91°45'00" / 3600m; FT-A; MT-A; plus; nv (sat) 0011 - Mkhar thog: +29°12'43",+91°45'07" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); n; v (1997, 2010); ref. 0012 - Mkhar thog: +29°10'33",+91°44'19" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); v (2013); ref. 0013 - Mkhar thog: +29°10'10",+91°43'38" / 3650m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0014 - Mkhar thog: +29°10'20",+91°44'04" / 3700m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0015 - Bde zhing: +29°04'11",+91°53'00" / 3990m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); plus; v (2013) 0016 - Bde zhing: +29°03'23",+91°52'00" / 3800m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (25m); s; nv (sat) 0017 - Chos sde 'og: +28°57'56",+91°50'52" / 4040m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0018 - Pho 'brang: +29°05'31",+91°50'28" / 3740m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); plus; v (1997, 2009, 2010); ref. 0019 - Pho 'brang: +29°05'18",+91°50'39" / 3740m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0020 - Chos sde gong: +28°55'33",+91°54'44" / 4075m; FT-A; MT-C (35-40m); s; v (2009) 0021 - Skyer pa: +29°19'13",+91°50'39" / 3640m; FT-A; MT-A (20-25m); nv (sat) 0022 - Skyer pa: +29°18'57",+91°50'25" / 3640m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m) (?); nv (sat) 0023 - Skyer pa: +29°22'20",+91°49'19" / 3700m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25-30m); nv (sat) 0024 - Skyer pa: +29°20'08",+91°49'28" / 3700m; FT-B; MT-C (50m); v (2013, 2014); ref. 0025 - Skyer pa: +29°20'26",+91°49'20" / 3710m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); v (2014) 0026 - Skyer pa: +29°20'15",+91°50'39" / 3700m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0027 - Skyer pa: +29°21'45",+91°48'10" / 3880m; FT-C; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0381 - Mkhar thog: +29°12'05",+91°43'39" / 4105m; FT-B; MT-C (30m) (?); nv (sat) 0382 - Khar 'brug: +29°09'01",+91°46'08" / 3635m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0383 - Bde zhing: +29°04'01",+91°52'16" / 3815m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0384 - Pho 'brang: +29°05'50",+91°49'03" / 3780m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0385 - Pho 'brang: +29°06'13",+91°48'38" / 3790m; FT-B; MT-A; plus; nv (sat)

```
0386 - Pho 'brang: +29°06'46",+91°48'46" / 3730m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0418 - Skyer pa: +29°21'53",+91°50'26" / 3715m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C, MT-A (?); nv (sat)
0433 - Rtse thang: +29°14'33",+91°50'00" / 3670m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
```
2. 'phyong rgyas County [G.yo ru] (21 sites)

```
0028 - 'Phyong po: +28°53'03",+91°42'40" / 4890m; FT-A; MT-A (35-40m) (?); v (2005); ref.
```

```
0029 - 'Phyong rgyas: +29°01'31",+91°41'50" / 3790m; FT-A; MT-C (60m); v (1995-2013); ref.
```

```
0030 - 'Phyong rgyas: +29°01'20",+91°42'21" / 3860m; FT-B; MT-A; v (2013)
```

3. Grva nang County [G.yo ru] (19 sites)


 - Bsam yas: +29°20'13",+91°30'50" / 3710m; FT-B; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) - Dkyil ru: +29°07'08",+91°17'12" / 3875m; FT-A; MT-C (40m); nv (sat) 0570 - Grva phyi: +29°13'21",+91°25'12" / 3695m; FT-B, FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat/ref.) - Rnam sras gling: +29°13'40",+91°31'12" / 3790m; FT-B; MT-C (40m); nv (sat/ref.) - Grva thang: +29°15'26",+91°13'22" / 3640m; FT-A; MT-C (40m); nv (sat/ref.)

4. Gong dkar County [G.yo ru / dbu ru] (30 sites)

```
0052 - Dgon stod: +29°16'34",+90°51'28" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat)
0053 - Rgyal grub gling: +29°16'48",+90°53'37" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat/ref.); ref.
0054 - Rgyal grub gling: +29°16'53",+90°54'03" / 3665m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0055 - Rgya ri: +29°11'46",+90°55'29" / 3810m; FT-B; MT-C (35m); v (2010)
0056 - Nya sog: +29°15'25",+90°34'22" / 3655m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)
0057 - Nya sog: +29°14'33",+90°31'09" / 3660m; FT-C; MT-C (35-40m); s; nv (sat)
0378 - Skyid gshongs: +29°15'53",+90°57'26" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-C (25m) (?); nv (sat)
0563 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°11'58",+91°08'25" / 3875m; FT-B; MT-C (25m); s; nv (sat/ref.)
0564 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°11'52",+91°08'47" / 3880m; FT-B; MT-C (35m); nv (sat/ref.)
0565 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°10'49",+91°06'37" / 3800m; FT-B; MT-C (15m); nv (sat/ref.)
0566 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°10'31",+91°06'32" / 3810m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); plus; nv (sat/ref.)
0567 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°09'31",+91°06'18" / 3880m; FT-B; MT-C (25m); nv (sat/ref.)
0568 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°08'36",+91°04'08" / 3940m; FT-A; MT-C; nv (sat/ref.)
0569 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°08'08",+91°07'52" / 3940m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat/ref.)
0571 - Rgya ri: +29°11'37",+90°56'44" / 4130m; FT-B; MT-C (40m); nv (sat/ref.)
0573 - Rgyal grub gling: +29°17'04",+90°54'17" / 3660m; FT-B; MT-C, MT-A; nv (sat/ref.)
0574 - Rgyal grub gling: +29°16'42",+90°53'58" / 3660m; FT-B; MT-C, MT-A (?); nv (sat/ref.)
0575 - Rgyal grub gling: +29°16'56",+90°55'22" / 3675m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); plus; nv (sat/ref.)
0576 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°18'12",+91°04'58" / 3630m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); nv (sat/ref.)
0578 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°11'09",+91°05'27" / 3785m; FT-B; MT-C (30m); plus; nv (sat/ref.)
0579 - Rnam rgyal zhol: +29°12'11",+91°07'42" / 3765m; FT-B; MT-C; nv (sat/ref.)
0582 - Rgya ri: +29°13'33",+90°56'24" / 3760m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); nv (sat/ref.)
0585 - Rgya ri: +29°14'19",+90°54'12"; 3805m; FT-A; MT-A (15m); nv (sat)
0586 (obsolete, v 2019)
0587 - Skyid gshongs: +29°16'20",+90°57'38"; 3720m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0588 - Skyid gshongs: +29°15'42",+90°58'29"; 3770m; FT-A; MT-C (15m): nv (sat)
0589 - Rgya ri: +29°14'15",+90°56'55"; 3800m; FT-B; MT-C (20m) s; nv (sat)
0590 - Rgya ri: +29°12'01",+90°55'03"; 3925m; FT-B/-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m) n; nv (sat)
0591 - Skyid gshongs: +29°16'42",+91°01'00"; 3595m; FT-A; MT-C (30m)?; nv (sat)
0592 - Rgyal grub gling: +29°20'30",+90°54'17"; 3625m; FT-A; MT-C (60m); v (2019); ref.
0593 - Skyid gshongs: +29°16'41",+91°02'39"; 3635m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m)?; nv (sat)
```
#### 5. Sna dkar rtse County [G.yo ru] (7 sites)

0058 - Kha brag: +29°14'24",+90°27'49" / 3800m; FT-B; MT-C (30m); v (2010, 2019); ref. 0059 - Mkhar lung: +29°06'18",+90°28'27" / 4615m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (50m) (?); nv (sat) 0060 - Stag lung: +28°51'37",+90°23'50" / 4520m; FT-A; MT-C; v (2008)

0061 - Stag lung: +28°49'38",+90°26'16" / 4480m; FT-A; MT-C (50m) (?); v (2008) 0062 - Stag lung: +28°49'21",+90°25'30" / 4505m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); v (2008) 0063 - Gram mda': +28°57'01",+91°04'52" / 4615m; FT-A; MT-C (25-30m); nv (sat/ref.) 0421 - Stag lung: +28°47'56",+90°21'45" / 4650m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); nv (sat)

#### 6. Lho brag County [G.yo ru] (6 sites)

```
0064 - Dkar po: +28°22'58",+90°50'18" / 4140m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m) (?); nv (sat)
0065 - Skyid stod: +28°22'57",+90°47'53" / 4145m; FT-C; MT-C (65m); nv (sat/ref.); ref.
0066 - Skyid stod: +28°23'23",+90°46'05" / 4165m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)
0067 - Skyid stod: +28°22'51",+90°45'38" / 4145m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; plus; nv (sat)
0068 - Rdza ra: +28°21'32",+90°38'16" / 4420m; FT-A; MT-B, MT-C; plus; nv (sat)
0369 - Rdza ra: +28°22'13",+90°42'18" / 4225m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
```
7. mtsho smad County [G.yo ru] (6 sites)


8. mtsho na County [G.yo ru]

0538 - Bkra shis Mthong smon: +28°14'19",+92°26'58" / 3750m; FT-C; MT-C (60m) (?); s (?); nv (sat)

9. Lhun rtse County [G.yo ru] (28 sites)


```
0530 - Ri thang: +28°25'19",+92°13'39" / 4060m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)
0531 - Ri thang: +28°25'26",+92°14'04" / 4040m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0532 - Ri rong: +28°31'50",+92°01'05" / 4300m; FT-B; MT-C (40m); s; nv (sat)
0533 - Ri rong: +28°31'01",+92°05'18" / 4215m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0534 - Ri rong: +28°29'38",+92°08'23" / 4160m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat)
0535 - Ri thang: +28°25'16",+92°11'39" / 4075m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); plus; nv (sat)
0536 - Zhing ba: +28°23'46",+92°29'32" / 3930m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)
0537 - Sho po: +28°29'22",+92°17'33" / 4115m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)
0539 - Gsang gling: +28°34'24",+92°45'20" / 3620m; FT-B; MT-A; nv (sat)
0540 - Zhing ba: +28°23'43",+92°27'57" / 3895m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat)
0541 - Zhing ba: +28°23'17",+92°27'08" / 3940m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)
```
#### 10. Chu gsum County [G.yo ru] (16 sites)

**0076** - Shag lho: +29°05'07",+92°12'08" / 3990m; FT-A; MT-C (80m); v (2005); ref. 0077 - Shag lho: +29°04'05",+92°09'39" / 3930m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); s; nv (sat) 0424 - Gong khang gsar: +29°07'56",+92°12'49" / 4215m; FT-B; MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0427 - Gong khang gsar: +29°07'46",+92°12'00" / 4165m; FT-B; MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0428 - Shag lho: +29°03'41",+92°09'47" / 3910m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0429 - Stod gzigs: +29°01'00",+92°07'38" / 4050m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0430 - Stod gzigs: +29°00'15",+92°08'01" / 3970m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0431 - Ser 'og: +28°57'15",+92°09'20" / 4390m; FT-B; MT-B (?); nv (sat) 0434 - Shag lho: +29°05'49",+92°12'29" / 4145m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0435 - Shag lho: +29°05'39",+92°11'58" / 4110m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0436 - Shag lho: +29°05'34",+92°10'36" / 4015m; FT-B; MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0437 - Shag byang: +29°04'32",+92°12'05" / 3970m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0438 - Shag byang: +29°04'22",+92°12'50" / 4025m; FT-B; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0439 - Shag byang: +29°03'40",+92°13'37" / 4030m; FT-B; MT-C; nv (sat) 0440 - Shag byang: +29°03'11",+92°11'55" / 3975m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0441 - Shag byang: +29°03'36",+92°11'29" / 3965m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat)

#### 11. Zangs ri County [G.yo ru] (11 sites)

0078 - Lcang: +29°17'19",+91°53'37" / 3880m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-B; n; nv (sat) 0079 - Lcang: +29°17'09",+91°56'33" / 3670m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0080 - Lcang: +29°16'51",+91°57'15" / 3640m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0081 - Lcang: +29°15'56",+91°58'15" / 3585m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); v (2009) 0082 - Rong: +29°13'09",+92°00'34" / 3700m; FT-B; MT-C (40m); nv (sat) 0083 - 'Ol kha: +29°23'00",+92°19'38" / 3980m; FT-A; MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat) 0425 - Rong: +29°14'27",+91°59'25" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0426 - Rong: +29°13'00",+92°01'44" / 3760m; FT-B; MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0432 - Rong: +29°15'01",+91°57'23" / 3640m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0442 - Zangs ri: +29°16'04",+92°00'22" / 3640m; FT-A; MT-? (40m); nv (sat) 0443 - Zangs ri: +29°16'37",+92°00'45" / 3655m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); nv (sat)

#### 12. Rgya tsva [G.yo ru] (9 sites)

0084 - Ngar rab: +29°09'10",+92°35'50" / 3450m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); nv (sat)

0085 - Ngar rab: +29°06'41",+92°36'34" / 3340m; FT-B; MT-C (25-30m); v (2007)

0086 - Rgya tsha: +29°06'09",+92°44'20" / 3705m; FT-B; MT-C (25m); plus; nv (sat)


#### **Nying khri Prefecture** [12 sites]

1. Snang County [G.yo ru] (4 sites)


2. nying khri County [G.yo ru / Rkong po] (5 sites)


3. Rgya mda' County [G.yo ru / nyang po] (2 sites)

0100 - Nyang po: +30°13'43",+93°06'02" / 3860m; FT-A, FT-C; MT-C, MT-B; v (2007); ref. 0101 - Rgya mda': +30°00'00",+93°05'21" / 3620m; FT-A; MT-C; nv (sat/ref.)

4. Spo smad County [Spo bo]

0102 - Dgu shang: +30°09'27",+95°26'10" / 2930m; FT-C; MT-C (30m) (?); v (2007); ref.

#### **Lhasa Prefecture** [237 sites]

1. mal gro Gung dkar County [dbu ru] (34 sites)

0103 - Dvags pa: +29°47'41",+91°46'36" / 4025m; FT-C; MT-C (25m); v (2014) 0104 - Bya ra mdo: +29°48'02",+91°53'37" / 4235m; FT-B; MT-C (45-50m); v (2013, 2014); ref. 0105 - Bya ra mdo: +29°47'42",+91°52'30" / 4200m; FT-B; MT-C (40m); v (2013, 2014); ref. 0106 - Bya ra mdo: +29°47'41",+91°50'21" / 3960m; FT-B; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0107 - Bya ra mdo: +29°48'19",+91°51'41" / 4230m; FT-B; MT-C (35m); nv (sat) 0108 - Dvags pa: +29°46'08",+91°50'49" / 3970m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (55m); n; v (2013, 2015); ref. 0109 - Bya ra mdo: +29°49'02",+91°48'47" / 3960m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (25m); n; plus; nv (sat) 0110 - Spang mda': +29°52'58",+91°49'09" / 4130m; FT-B; MT-C (35m); v (2010, 2015, 2019); ref. 0111 - Spang mda': +29°54'36",+91°50'02" / 3965m; FT-B; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0112 - Spang mda': +29°55'08",+91°51'16" / 4030m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (50m); v (2008, 2010, 2013); ref. 0113 - Nyi ma lcang rva: +29°58'01",+91°53'50" / 3990m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); v (2008); ref. 0114 - Nyi ma lcang rva: +29°56'59",+91°58'00" / 4175m; FT-C; MT-C (35m); s; nv (sat) 0115 - Nyi ma lcang rva: +29°58'50",+91°55'04" / 3950m; FT-A; MT-C (40m, 50m?); v (2010); ref. 0116 - Rtsa zhol: +30°01'20",+91°47'06" / 4150m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0117 - Gad la hor: +30°04'37",+91°42'57" / 4005m; FT-B; MT-C (35m); v (2009); ref. 0118 - Gad la hor: +30°06'00",+91°44'24" / 4180m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0119 - Gad la hor: +30°04'58",+91°46'47" / 4025m; FT-B; MT-C (30m) (?); nv (sat) 0120 - Klong grol sgang: +30°02'53",+91°41'10" / 4150m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0121 - Rgya ma: +29°47'37",+91°40'01" / 3915m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20-25m); v (2013); ref. 0122 - Rgya ma: +29°48'40",+91°40'26" / 3880m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0123 - Rgya ma: +29°46'57",+91°40'22" / 3990m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15-20m); nv (sat) 0124 - Rgya ma: +29°46'26",+91°40'29" / 4010m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0125 - Rgya ma: +29°45'25",+91°40'47" / 4000m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0126 - Gung dkar: +29°49'09",+91°41'10" / 3835m; FT-C; MT-C (25m); s; v (2009, 2010, 2014); ref. 0127 - Dvags pa: +29°46'01",+91°50'17" / 4030m; FT-C, FT-B; MT-C (30m); v (2013) 0361 - Thang skya: +29°55'44",+91°47'28" / 4160m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15-20m); nv (sat) 0362 - Thang skya: +29°55'39",+91°47'14" / 4140m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0363 - Thang skya: +29°54'58",+91°47'18" / 3965m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0364 - Thang skya: +29°54'19",+91°45'28" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); v (2014) 0365 - Thang skya: +29°52'03",+91°42'24" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-C (20-25m); v (2014) 0366 - Thang skya: +29°54'18",+91°46'19" / 3890m; FT-A; MT-C (20-25m) (?); nv (sat) 0416 - Thang skya: +29°57'26",+91°50'07" / 4050m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0583 - Gad la hor: +30°05'13", +91°45'37" / 4065m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); nv (sat) 0584 - Gad la hor: +30°04'24", +91°41'06" / 4035m; FT-A; MT-A (?), MT-C (30m); nv (sat)

#### 2. Stag rtse County [dbu ru] (47 sites)

0128 - Thang dga': +29°51'22",+91°34'27" / 3840m; FT-A; MT-C (55m); v (2007, 2014); ref. 0129 - Thang dga': +29°52'41",+91°33'32" / 3865m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (40m); v (2014) 0130 - Thang dga': +29°51'38",+91°33'30" / 3870m; FT-B; MT-A (?), MT-C (60m) (?); v (2014) 0131 - Thang dga': +29°51'36",+91°32'59" / 3835m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25-30m); v (2007, 2014, 2015); ref.

```
0132 - Thang dga': +29°50'47",+91°34'52" / 3825m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; plus; v (2013)
0133 - Thang dga': +29°52'10",+91°35'14" / 3930m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); v (2014)
0134 - Chu mda': +29°50'20",+91°36'33" / 3815m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); n; v (2013, 2014, 2019)
0135 - Chu mda': +29°52'07",+91°37'17" / 4065m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); v (2013); ref.
0136 - La mo: +29°47'20",+91°36'41" / 3910m; FT-B; MT-C (25m); nv (sat)
0137 - La mo: +29°47'58",+91°32'34" / 3825m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); v (2015); ref.
0138 - Gtsang tog: +29°47'01",+91°31'48" / 3950m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (40m); n; v (2008, 2019); ref.
0139 - Gtsang tog: +29°47'25",+91°31'45" / 3865m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); v (2008)
0140 - Gtsang tog: +29°46'33",+91°30'20" / 3815m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); v (2008); ref.
0141 - Gtsang tog: +29°45'10",+91°30'39" / 3955m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); v (2008, 2010, 2014, 2019); ref.
0142 - Gtsang tog: +29°45'42",+91°30'15" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); v (2008)
0143 - Dar rgyas: +29°43'54",+91°28'33" / 3860m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); v (2008, 2015); ref.
0144 - Bde chen: +29°39'26",+91°25'12" / 4030m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0145 - Bde chen: +29°40'07",+91°23'29" / 3810m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0146 - Bde chen: +29°36'32",+91°22'49" / 3975m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0147 - Bde chen: +29°36'23",+91°22'01" / 3980m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-A (?); nv (sat)
0148 - Bde chen: +29°39'14",+91°20'58" / 3790m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); v (2015)
0149 - Bde chen: +29°39'51",+91°20'26" / 3760m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0150 - Bsam grub gling: +29°38'19",+91°17'01" / 3800m; FT-A; MT-C (45-50m); v (2009, 2010, 2013, 
      2015); ref.
0151 - 'Brom stod: +29°42'07",+91°17'12" / 3885m; FT-A; MT-C (15m) (?); nv (sat)
0152 - Zhog mda': +29°49'34",+91°27'39" / 3805m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; plus; nv (sat)
0153 - Zhog mda': +29°49'48",+91°27'40" / 3805m; FT-A; MT-C; nv (sat)
0154 - Zhog mda': +29°50'29",+91°28'42" / 3865m; FT-A; MT-C (15m); v (2014)
0155 - Zhog mda': +29°49'56",+91°29'05" / 3795m; FT-A; MT-C; nv (sat)
0156 - Zhog mda': +29°50'52",+91°27'15" / 3840m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)
0375 - Thang dga': +29°52'08",+91°33'36" / 3855m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); v (2014)
0376 - Thang dga': +29°51'33",+91°32'36" / 3830m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); v (2014, 2015, 2019); ref.
0377 - Thang dga': +29°51'09",+91°32'36" / 3825m; FT-A; MT-A; plus; v (2015)
0402 - Bde chen: +29°37'55",+91°21'09" / 3875m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); s; v (2015)
0403 - La mo: +29°47'01",+91°36'00" / 3935m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0404 - Dar rgyas: +29°46'01",+91°27'46" / 3770m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat)
0405 - Bsam grub gling: +29°38'19",+91°18'04" / 3830m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat)
0406 - Bsam grub gling: +29°38'02",+91°18'01" / 3820m; FT-C; MT-C (30m); s; v (2019)
0407 - Thang dga': +29°51'05",+91°34'23" / 3820m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); v (2014)
0606 - 'Brom stod: +29°43'01",+91°22'26" / 3960m; FT-A; MT-C (20m)?; nv (sat)
0607 - 'Brom stod: +29°42'27",+91°20'42" / 3670m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0608 - 'Brom stod: +29°42'46",+91°19'54" / 3960m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (25m); nv (sat)
0610 - Gtsang tog: +29°45'40",+91°29'16" / 3910m; FT-A; MT-C (30-35m); v (2019)
0611 - Dar rgyas: +29°44'45",+91°27'25" / 3780m; FT-A; MT-A (10m); nv (sat)
0612 - Dar rgyas: +29°43'00",+91°26'23" / 3750m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0613 - Bsam grub gling: +29°39'17",+91°19'08" / 3800m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (10m); nv (sat)
0615 - Dar rgyas: +29°46'23",+91°28'10" / 3750m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (50m); v (2019)
0616 - La mo: +29°47'23",+91°33'17" / 3920m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30-35m?); v (2019); ref.
```
Supplement: the Burial mound Sites of Imperial Central tibet 19

3. Lhasa municipality [dbu ru] (8 sites)

**0157** - Tshal Gung thang: +29°37'00",+91°14'36" / 3820m; FT-A; MT-C (65m); v (2007, 2008, 2015, 2019); ref.

0158 - Lhasa (Grib): +29°37'55",+91°07'43" / 3665m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)

0159 (obsolete)

```
0397 - Tshal Gung thang: +29°36'43",+91°15'31" / 3915m; FT-A; MT-C (20m), MT-D; v (2015); ref.
```
0398 - Tshal Gung thang: +29°37'29",+91°15'18" / 3800m; FT-A; MT-C, MT-D; nv (sat/ref.); ref.


4. Stod lung County [dbu ru] (30 sites)

```
0160 - Sne'u: +29°37'14",+91°05'36" / 3710m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0161 - Sne'u: +29°36'53",+91°05'45" / 3700m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0162 - Gnas chung: +29°36'15",+90°58'15" / 3720m; FT-A; MT-A (15m); n; nv (sat)
0163 - Gnas chung: +29°36'24",+90°57'39" / 3785m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); v (2008, 2009); ref.
0164 - Rgu rum: +29°43'16",+90°51'38" / 3820m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0165 - Sbyar rags: +29°39'42",+90°51'41" / 3915m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)
0166 - Sbyar rags: +29°39'20",+90°50'50" / 4040m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)
0167 - Sbyar rags: +29°38'58",+90°52'45" / 3890m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0168 - Sbyar rags: +29°40'51",+90°51'59" / 3850m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15-20m); nv (sat)
0169 - Rgu rum: +29°45'25",+90°48'57" / 4010m; FT-C; MT-C (30m); v (2008)
0170 - Rgu rum: +29°44'38",+90°49'05" / 3840m; FT-A; MT-A; v (2008)
0171 - Dmar: +29°48'13",+90°47'27" / 4150m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (50m); v (2014)
0172 - Dmar: +29°49'45",+90°46'07" / 3980m; FT-A; MT-C (40m); v (2013, 2014); ref.
0173 - Bde chen: +29°58'16",+90°44'47" / 4090m; FT-A; MT-A (30m); v (2010)
0174 - Bde chen: +29°57'27",+90°45'16" / 4155m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat)
0175 - Bde chen: +29°58'12",+90°46'08" / 4115m; FT-C; MT-C (55m); s (?); nv (sat)
0176 - Rgu rum: +29°45'24",+90°45'41" / 4055m; FT-A; MT-C (60m); v (2009); ref.
0177 - Nam mkha': +29°53'09",+90°42'29" / 3985m; FT-A; MT-C (25m) (?); nv (sat)
0178 - Nam mkha': +29°52'50",+90°42'45" / 4025m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0179 - Nam mkha': +29°52'16",+90°42'51" / 3985m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); n; nv (sat)
0180 - Nam mkha': +29°54'26",+90°41'49" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-C (30-35m); v (2009)
0181 - Chu bzang: +30°00'44",+90°44'29" / 4130m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25-30m); v (2009); ref.
0182 - Chu bzang: +30°00'28",+90°43'15" / 4275m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (40m (?)); v (2010); ref.
0183 - Chu bzang: +29°58'58",+90°42'44" / 4095m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); v (2013)
0367 - Yab mda': +29°41'25",+90°57'18" / 3750m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); v (2014)
0371 - Sbyar rags: +29°38'08",+90°55'08" / 3910m; FT-A; MT-A (15m); nv (sat)
0372 - Sbyar rags: +29°38'15",+90°55'17" / 3875m; FT-A; MT-A (15m); v (2019)
0373 - Sbyar rags: +29°38'10",+90°54'11" / 3955m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); v (2019)
0374 - Sbyar rags: +29°41'16",+90°51'16" / 3940m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0379 - Dmar: +29°48'02",+90°46'35" / 3940m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; v (2014)
0380 (obsolete)
```
#### 5. 'dam gzhung County [dbu ru] (7 sites)

0184 - 'Dam chu kha: +30°29'40",+91°05'21" / 4300m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (45m); v (2010); ref. 0185 - 'Dam chu kha: +30°29'18",+91°06'13" / 4290m; FT-A, FT-C; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat/ref.); ref. 0186 - Dbu ma thang: +30°34'05",+91°09'33" / 4340m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); nv (sat/ref.); ref. 0187 - Kong thang: +30°21'09",+91°03'35" / 4275m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); v (2010, 2013); ref. 0399 - 'Dam chu kha: +30°32'16",+91°06'32" / 4405m; FT-A; MT-C (25-30m); nv (sat/ref.) 0400 - 'Dam chu kha: +30°32'45",+91°07'05" / 4370m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat/ref.) 0401 - 'Dam chu kha: +30°33'47",+91°08'03" / 4445m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat/ref.)

#### 6. Lhun grub County [dbu ru] (76 sites)

0188 - Dbu ru lung: +30°16'12",+91°08'14" / 4220m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0189 - Dbu ru lung: +30°17'17",+91°08'13" / 4195m; FT-A; MT-A; plus; nv (sat) 0190 - Ngar nang: +30°06'06",+91°32'03" / 4100m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); n; nv (sat) 0191 - Lha khang: +30°03'15",+91°36'14" / 4130m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); nv (sat); ref. 0192 - Lha khang: +30°03'43",+91°33'48" / 4035m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); v (2008) 0193 - Lha khang: +30°04'24",+91°29'40" / 4100m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0194 - Thang mgo: +30°18'39",+91°29'52" / 4250m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0195 - Bcom mdo: +30°17'36",+91°24'14" / 4160m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); v (2008) 0196 - Bcom mdo: +30°18'17",+91°24'52" / 4230m; FT-A; MT-C (40m); v (2008); ref. 0197 - Bcom mdo: +30°19'17",+91°25'31" / 4220m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); v (2008) 0198 - Phu mdo: +30°08'37",+91°25'53" / 4100m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0199 - Gsum 'phreng: +30°03'36",+91°17'13" / 4150m; FT-C; MT-C (45m); s; v (2010) 0200 - Gsum 'phreng: +30°02'13",+91°15'52" / 4125m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); n; nv (sat) 0201 - Gsum 'phreng: +30°01'38",+91°15'52" / 4090m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0202 - Gsum 'phreng: +30°01'15",+91°15'09" / 4105m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15-20m) (?); nv (sat) 0203 - Gsum 'phreng: +29°59'18",+91°13'14" / 3950m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); v (2010) 0204 - Gsum 'phreng: +29°58'18",+91°16'16" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-C (25-30m); v (2013) 0205 - Gsum 'phreng: +29°57'37",+91°16'09" / 3945m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); n; v (2013) 0206 - Gsum 'phreng: +29°59'01",+91°16'59" / 3930m; FT-A; MT-C (25-30m); v (2013) 0207 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°54'55",+91°13'44" / 3810m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); s; nv (sat) 0208 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°54'44",+91°13'41" / 3795m; FT-A; MT-C (20-25m); v (2013) 0209 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°54'32",+91°13'53" / 3805m; FT-A; MT-A (?), MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat) 0210 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°55'31",+91°14'23" / 3830m; FT-A; MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat) 0211 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°55'44",+91°14'50" / 3870m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0212 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°54'28",+91°14'41" / 3830m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0213 - Lcang ra shar: +29°54'25",+91°19'06" / 3825m; FT-A; MT-C (40m); v (2014) 0214 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°54'56",+91°15'48" / 3790m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0215 - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°55'10",+91°16'30" / 3795m; FT-A; MT-A (?), MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0216 - Byang kha: +29°58'30",+91°10'48" / 3910m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); n; nv (sat); ref. 0217 - Byang kha: +29°58'42",+91°09'48" / 3925m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25-30m); n; nv (sat); ref. 0218 - Bye ma: +30°01'54",+91°08'33" / 4020m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0219 - Byang kha: +29°57'22",+91°08'04" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-A (?), MT-C (30m) (?); nv (sat) 0220 - Byang kha: +29°57'02",+91°07'29" / 3910m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)

0221 - Byang kha: +29°56'22",+91°07'28" / 3880m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0222 - Byang kha: +29°56'25",+91°07'05" / 3920m; FT-A; MT-A (?), MT-C (35m) (?); nv (sat) 0223 - Byang kha: +29°55'36",+91°06'30" / 3960m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0224 - Byang kha: +29°55'41",+91°07'09" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0225 - Mtsho stod: +29°57'54",+91°03'54" / 4040m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat) 0226 - Mtsho stod: +29°58'32",+91°00'27" / 4110m; FT-A; MT-A; plus; nv (sat) 0227 - Gad po: +29°53'27",+91°07'54" / 3860m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0228 - Gad po: +29°52'25",+91°08'49" / 3850m; FT-A; MT-A; n; nv (sat) 0229 - Gad po, Mkhar-rtse: +29°52'48",+91°09'25" / 3890m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); n; nv (sat) 0230 - Gad po: +29°53'07",+91°00'06" / 4040m; FT-C; MT-A (25-30m) (?); v (2010) 0231 - Gad po: +29°53'45",+91°00'58" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-B; nv (sat) 0232 - Gad po: +29°53'14",+90°58'03" / 4160m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); v (2010) 0233 - Gad po: +29°54'27",+91°03'47" / 3950m; FT-A; MT-C (20m) (?); v (2010) 0234 - Gad po: +29°53'18",+91°03'38" / 3980m; FT-A; MT-A; n; nv (sat) 0235 - Mkhar rtse: +29°52'28",+91°10'35" / 3940m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30-35m); n; v (2010) 0236 - Mkhar rtse: +29°53'23",+91°10'49" / 3800m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); v (2010); ref. 0237 - Grub brgya: +29°52'52",+91°12'12" / 3810m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); plus; nv (sat) 0238 - Grub brgya: +29°52'34",+91°12'23" / 3815m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0239 - Grub brgya: +29°52'26",+91°13'49" / 3805m; FT-A; MT-A (?), MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0240 - Grub brgya: +29°52'08",+91°13'25" / 3850m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; n; nv (sat); ref. 0241 - Grub brgya: +29°51'15",+91°15'45" / 3905m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); plus; nv (sat) 0242 - Grub brgya: +29°51'44",+91°16'39" / 3850m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); v (2019); ref. 0243 - Grub brgya: +29°51'18",+91°14'37" / 3915m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-B; nv (sat) 0244 - Grub brgya: +29°52'41",+91°15'26" / 3765m; FT-C; MT-C (35m); s; v (2005); ref. 0245 - Lcang ra: +29°52'01",+91°22'36" / 3820m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); v (2010); ref. 0246 - Lcang ra: +29°51'51",+91°23'28" / 3910m; FT-A; MT-C (40m); v (2009, 2015); ref. 0247 - Lcang ra: +29°50'35",+91°20'29" / 3850m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0248 - Lcang ra: +29°50'09",+91°19'32" / 3880m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0249 - Lcang ra: +29°50'34",+91°21'02" / 3815m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0250 - Lcang ra: +29°50'08",+91°21'39" / 3870m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat) 0251 - Dpal 'byor gling: +29°50'01",+91°22'57" / 3870m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat) 0252 - Dpal 'byor gling: +29°48'56",+91°23'59" / 3770m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; plus; nv (sat) 0253 - Dpal 'byor gling: +29°47'30",+91°24'36" / 3785m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); v (2019) 0254 - Dpal 'byor gling: +29°47'23",+91°24'03" / 3830m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat) 0255 - Dpal 'byor gling: +29°47'26",+91°23'06" / 3830m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0256 - Dpal 'byor gling: +29°49'14",+91°26'43" / 3760m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat) 0350 - Phu mdo: +30°14'58",+91°22'00" / 4160m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0351 - Bcom mdo: +30°17'24",+91°23'15" / 4150m; FT-A, FT-C; MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0352 - Phu mdo: +30°13'00",+91°20'55" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-C (10m); nv (sat) 0353 - Phu mdo: +30°13'46",+91°21'28" / 4080m; FT-A; MT-C (15m) (?); nv (sat) **0368** - Dga' ldan chos skor: +29°56'40",+91°16'50" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (65m); v (2014); ref. 0562 - Gsum 'phreng: +29°59'54",+91°12'42" / 4050m; FT-A; MT-C (35-40m); nv (sat) 0580 - Mtsho stod: +30°00'00",+91°04'35" / 4260m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat)

7. Chu shur County [dbu ru] (26 sites)

```
0257 - Tshal sna: +29°30'11",+90°58'58" / 3665m; FT-A; MT-C (50m); v (2009); ref.
0258 - Tshal sna: +29°23'55",+90°55'33" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); n; nv (sat)
0259 - Mnyes thang: +29°30'50",+90°55'36" / 3655m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0260 - Mnyes thang: +29°31'41",+90°54'19" / 3740m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0261 - Mnyes thang: +29°31'50",+90°55'25" / 3875m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); v (2015)
0262 - Mnyes thang: +29°32'23",+90°54'40" / 3770m; FT-A; MT-C (15m); nv (sat)
0263 - Mnyes thang: +29°33'00",+90°54'06" / 3975m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0264 - Gnam: +29°27'10",+90°54'51" / 3650m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0265 - Gnam: +29°27'58",+90°52'59" / 3780m; FT-A; MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat)
0266 - Gnam: +29°23'40",+90°53'07" / 3625m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); v (2009)
0267 - Chu phu: +29°22'40",+90°42'46" / 3685m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); plus; nv (sat)
0268 - Chu phu: +29°23'46",+90°43'22" / 3765m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat)
0269 - Chu phu: +29°22'26",+90°44'03" / 6340m; FT-A; MT-C (30m) (?); nv (sat)
0270 - Rta dkar: +29°21'40",+90°41'59" / 3670m; FT-A; MT-A (20m); n; nv (sat); ref.
0271 - Rta dkar: +29°21'51",+90°42'18" / 3630m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0272 - Rta dkar: +29°21'04",+90°40'08" / 3670m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0273 - Bye nub: +29°19'03",+90°37'40" / 3685m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); plus; nv (sat)
0370 - Mnyes thang: +29°34'25",+90°57'27" / 3730m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); v (2015)
0554 - Sa smad: +29°15'57",+90°28'56" / 3700m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (10m); nv (sat)
0555 - Sa smad: +29°15'16",+90°27'00" / 3740m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; n; plus; nv (sat)
0556 - Sa smad: +29°16'00",+90°28'23" / 3730m; FT-A; MT-C (15m); s; nv (sat)
0557 - Tshva rags: +29°16'14",+90°30'53" / 3740m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); nv (sat)
0558 - Tshva rags: +29°17'27",+90°32'13" / 3775m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat)
0559 - Bye nub: +29°18'39",+90°36'10" / 3855m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat)
0560 - Bye nub: +29°19'30",+90°37'36" / 3825m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat)
0561 - Bye nub: +29°19'09",+90°37'53" / 3685m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); n; nv (sat)
```
8. Snye mo County [dbu ru / G.yas ru] (11 sites)

0274 - Phu gsum: +29°30'02",+90°09'43" / 4080m; FT-A; MT-C (55m); v (2010); ref. 0275 - Phu gsum: +29°29'30",+90°10'04" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); s (?); nv (sat) 0276 - Snye mo: +29°23'59",+90°06'26" / 3995m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); nv (sat) 0277 - Dar grong: +29°26'49",+90°11'24" / 3870m; FT-A; MT-C (15m) (?); nv (sat) 0546 - Dar grong: +29°26'59",+90°11'16" / 3875m; FT-A; MT-C, MT-A; nv (sat) 0547 - Dar grong: +29°27'17",+90°09'42" / 3875m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0548 - Phu gsum: +29°28'01",+90°08'11" / 3970m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (10m); nv (sat) 0549 - Gdong mkhar: +29°28'53",+90°07'00" / 3945m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0550 - Gzhu smad: +29°29'27",+90°16'26" / 4010m; FT-B; MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat) 0551 - Thon pa: +29°21'09",+90°14'24" / 4330m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0552 - Mkhar ru: +29°22'06",+90°05'28" / 3990m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)

#### **Gzhis ka rtse** prefecture [170 sites]

#### 1. Rgyal rtse County [Ru lag] (32 sites)

0278 - Rtse chen: +28°55'51",+89°30'26" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (55m); v (2007, 2009); ref. 0279 - Rtse chen: +28°56'13",+89°31'21" / 4050m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-B, MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0280 - Lcang ra: +28°53'22",+89°33'19" / 4045m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0281 - 'Brong rtse: +29°00'31",+89°26'54" / 4015m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (35m); v (2007); ref. 0282 - Ri nang: +28°55'16",+89°42'36" / 4190m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (40m) (?); nv (sat) 0283 - Stag rtse: +29°02'19",+89°28'26" / 3985m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); s; nv (sat) 0449 - Stag rtse: +29°04'27",+89°25'54" / 3945m; FT-A; MT-C (25m) (?); plus; nv (sat) 0462 - Stag rtse: +29°04'48",+89°26'35" / 3995m; FT-B; MT-C, MT-A; nv (sat) 0486 - Mkhar stod: +29°08'45",+89°34'48" / 4150m; FT-A; MT-C, MT-A; n; nv (sat) 0487 - Mkhar stod: +29°08'32",+89°34'20" / 4115m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0488 - Mkhar smad: +29°10'37",+89°27'27" / 4125m; FT-B; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0489 - Mkhar stod: +29°05'47",+89°31'38" / 4035m; FT-B; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0490 - Mkhar stod: +29°04'59",+89°31'49" / 4075m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0491 - Mkhar stod: +29°07'44",+89°38'24" / 4170m; FT-B; MT-C (25-30m); nv (sat) 0492 - Mkhar stod: +29°05'45",+89°39'46" / 4255m; FT-B; MT-C, MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0493 - Mkhar stod: +29°05'38",+89°32'10" / 4035m; FT-B; MT-C (35m); nv (sat) 0495 - Mkhar stod: +29°05'27",+89°37'12" / 4190m; FT-A, FT-C; MT-C (35m); nv (sat) 0504 - Ri nang: +28°58'12",+89°45'37" / 4300m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); s; nv (sat) 0505 - Myang stod: +28°56'28",+89°38'41" / 4215m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0506 - Gnam rnying (= Gnas rnying): +28°49'22",+89°38'22" / 4135m; FT-A; MT-C (30m) (?); nv (sat); ref. 0507 - Gtsang kha: +28°57'09",+89°34'36" / 4055m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0508 - Gtsang kha: +28°58'19",+89°33'22" / 4085m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0509 - Gtsang kha: +29°00'46",+89°31'29" / 4060m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0510 - Gtsang kha: +29°02'01",+89°32'22" / 4295m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0511 - Gtsang kha: +29°01'08",+89°30'16" / 4045m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0512 - Lcang ra: +28°51'49",+89°32'41" / 4090m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0513 - Lcang ra: +28°53'13",+89°34'15" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat) 0514 - Gangs mtsho: +28°53'16",+89°28'13" / 4145m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0515 - Nye ru smad: +28°42'47",+89°54'03" / 4330m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0516 - Khra ring: +28°50'44",+89°41'15" / 4165m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat) 0517 - Myang stod: +28°54'08",+89°40'00" / 4120m; FT-A; MT-A; plus; nv (sat) 0518 - Gtsang kha: +28°56'29",+89°35'12" / 4065m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; n; nv (sat)

#### 2. pa snam County [Ru lag] (16 sites)

0284 - Khyung rtse: +29°07'25",+89°17'38" / 4075m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)

0285 - Khyung rtse: +29°07'00",+89°17'10" / 3980m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat)

0286 - Dbang ldan: +28°56'38",+89°10'00" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat)

0287 - Dbang ldan: +28°55'09",+89°10'41" / 4160m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)

0288 - Dbang ldan: +28°55'22",+89°09'57" / 4095m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)

0289 - Byang stod: +29°06'35",+89°22'35" / 4025m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat/ref.)

0290 - Byang stod: +29°05'22",+89°20'31" / 3950m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); nv (sat/ref.); ref. 0494 - Chu nub: +29°01'47",+89°12'24" / 4005m; FT-A; MT-C, MT-A; nv (sat) 0496 - Dbang ldan: +28°56'17",+89°10'39" / 4070m; FT-B; MT-C, MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0497 - Dbang ldan: +28°54'19",+89°10'06" / 4095m; FT-A; MT-C, MT-A; nv (sat) 0498 - Dbang ldan: +28°54'24",+89°09'44" / 4080m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0499 - Dbang ldan: +28°52'55",+89°09'28" / 4130m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0500 - Ri zhing: +28°54'13",+89°15'12" / 4130m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat) 0501 - Ri zhing: +28°58'13",+89°13'08" / 4000m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0502 - Ri zhing: +28°56'47",+89°14'13" / 4050m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0503 - 'Dus byung: +28°59'53",+89°15'21" / 4050m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)

3. Gzhis kha rtse County [Ru lag / G.yas ru] (12 sites)

```
0291 - Rgya mtsho gzhung: +29°06'30",+89°04'41" / 4080m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
```

```
0292 - Lhan: +29°18'13",+89°33'54" / 4100m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25-30m); nv (sat)
```

```
0293 - Gdong dkar: +29°22'22",+88°54'04" / 3870m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
```

```
0294 - Gdong dkar: +29°22'17",+88°51'39" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; plus; nv (sat)
```

```
0295 - Gdong dkar: +29°23'12",+88°59'05" / 3910m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); nv (sat)
```

4. Khang dmar County [Ru lag] (2 sites)

0297 - Khang dmar: +28°33'20",+89°42'03" / 4405m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; plus; nv (sat)

0298 - Sa ma mda': +28°24'35",+89°32'17" / 4470m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)

## 5. Gro mo County [Ru lag] (4 sites)


## 6. Rin spung County [Ru lag] (14 sites)

0303 - Smon shang: +29°17'14",+89°45'20" / 3970m; FT-B; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)

0304 - Brag pa: +29°11'03",+89°57'02" / 4110m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat)

0305 - Brag pa: +29°11'26",+89°54'28" / 3950m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)

0466 - Rin spungs: +29°16'11",+89°48'07" / 3955m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (20m); nv (sat)

0477 - Rin spungs: +29°13'29",+89°50'01" / 4040m; FT-B; MT-C (40m); nv (sat)

0478 - Khang gzhung: +29°16'19",+90°04'35" / 4010m; FT-A; MT-C; s; nv (sat)

Supplement: the Burial mound Sites of Imperial Central tibet 25

0479 - Khang gzhung: +29°16'13",+90°05'15" / 4315m; FT-B; MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0480 - Khang gzhung: +29°18'22",+90°04'27" / 4085m; FT-B; MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0481 - Khang gzhung: +29°14'30",+90°04'38" / 4530m; FT-A; MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0482 - Khang gzhung: +29°14'36",+90°04'30" / 4540m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0483 - Rin spungs: +29°14'34",+89°51'09" / 4050m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0484 - Smon shang: +29°17'17",+89°45'27" / 3920m; FT-B; MT-C (15m); nv (sat) 0485 - Smon shang: +29°17'26",+89°44'29" / 4050m; FT-B; MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0553 - Bar thang: +29°17'28",+90°16'16" / 4230m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); n; nv (sat)

#### 7. Sa skya County [Ru lag] (11 sites)

0306 - Dge sdings: +29°14'07",+88°21'23" / 3950m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0307 - Dge sdings: +29°07'23",+88°23'38" / 4005m; FT-A; MT-A; plus; nv (sat) 0308 - Gzhong ma: +29°02'48",+88°23'31" / 4110m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (30m); n; v (2007); ref. 0309 - Brag mjug: +29°10'04",+88°22'18" / 3980m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat) 0310 - Brag mjug: +29°10'39",+88°21'55" / 3975m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat/ref.) 0311 - Dge sdings: +29°07'01",+88°23'46" / 4055m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat/ref.) 0312 - Dge sdings: +29°15'21",+88°21'21" / 3965m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat/ref.) 0313 - Brag mjug: +29°11'36",+88°26'53" / 3985m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); s (?); nv (sat/ref.) 0314 - Bkra shis sgang: +28°57'27",+87°55'17" / 4310m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat/ref.) 0459 - Zhong pa: +28°58'15",+87°54'08" / 4275m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); nv (sat) 0460 - Bkra shis sgang: +28°57'19",+87°57'24" / 4260m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); s (?); nv (sat)

#### 8. Rnam gling County [G.yas ru] (10 sites)

0315 - Rtse gdong: +29°23'11",+89°14'39" / 3830m; FT-A; MT-B; n; v (2007); ref. **0409** - Stag rtse: +29°36'24",+89°33'07" / 4420m; FT-A; MT-C (75-80m); v (2019); ref. 0410 - Thob rgyal: +29°27'38",+89°27'03" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); s; nv (sat) 0450 - Thob rgyal: +29°26'34",+89°30'30" / 4180m; FT-A; MT-? (25m) (?); nv (sat) 0451 - Thob rgyal: +29°22'50",+89°26'00" / 3945m; FT-A; MT-? (35m); nv (sat/ref.) 0452 - Thob rgyal: +29°24'28",+89°27'44" / 3995m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0542 - Mkhar rtse: +29°31'01",+89°06'04" / 4000m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C; nv (sat) 0543 - Mkhar rtse: +29°36'52",+89°06'24" / 4420m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat) 0544 - Mkhar rtse: +29°34'37",+89°04'56" / 3975m; FT-A; MT-C, MT-A; nv (sat) 0545 - Ra thang: +29°44'15",+89°19'38" / 4185m; FT-A; MT-C (35-40m); nv (sat)

9. Bzhad mthong smon County [G.yas ru] (7 sites)

0316 - Rta nag mda': +29°21'38",+88°35'54" / 3900m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat)

0317 - Mthong smon: +29°23'04",+88°08'17" / 4080m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (35m); nv (sat)

0318 - Mthong smon: +29°24'07",+88°08'46" / 4200m; FT-A; MT-A; n; nv (sat)

0319 - Mthong smon: +29°24'25",+88°10'20" / 4105m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (50m); n; nv (sat)

0320 - Mthong smon: +29°25'06",+88°10'53" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15-20m); nv (sat)

0321 - Dar sdings: +29°22'19",+88°16'22" / 4005m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)

0322 - Dar sdings: +29°22'21",+88°16'51" / 4070m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat)

```
10. ngam ring County [G.yas ru / Ru lag] (12 sites)
```

```
0323 - Chu 'og: +29°25'04",+87°34'52" / 4125m; FT-A; MT-C (40m); nv (sat)
0324 - Chu 'og: +29°23'02",+87°31'05" / 4150m; FT-A; MT-C (55m); nv (sat)
0325 - Chu 'og: +29°23'09",+87°30'13" / 4120m; FT-A; MT-C (65m); s; nv (sat)
0326 - G.yag mo: +29°44'08",+87°40'16" / 4165m; FT-A; MT-C (35-40m); nv (sat/ref.)
0468 - Gad sgang: +29°19'16",+87°06'52" / 4395m; FT-C; MT-C; nv (sat/ref.)
0469 - Gad sgang: +29°16'41",+87°11'07" / 4335m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat/ref.)
0470 - Gad sgang: +29°16'02",+87°10'58" / 4385m; FT-B; MT-C (?); nv (sat/ref.)
0471 - Gad sgang: +29°15'50",+87°11'28" / 4385m; FT-B; MT-C; nv (sat/ref.)
0472 - Gad sgang: +29°20'04",+87°05'57" / 4375m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat/ref.)
0473 - Gad sgang: +29°18'23",+87°03'54" / 4435m; FT-C; MT-A (?); nv (sat/ref.)
0474 - Chu 'og: +29°23'49",+87°33'23" / 4110m; FT-A; MT-C (20m) (?); nv (sat)
0476 - Rta rgyud: +29°23'34",+87°42'07" / 4155m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); s; nv (sat)
```
11. Lha rtse County [Ru lag] (32 sites)

```
0327 - Sle'u: +29°09'53",+88°10'50" / 4060m; FT-A; MT-A; n; nv (sat)
0328 - Bkra shis sgang: +29°18'43",+88°07'09" / 4030m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); n; nv (sat)
0329 - Bkra shis sgang: +29°15'40",+88°06'41" / 4040m; FT-A; MT-C (65m); nv (sat)
0330 - Lha rtse: +29°12'37",+87°26'41" / 4320m; FT-A; MT-C (30m); v (2007); ref.
0331 - Lha rtse: +29°12'31",+87°26'38" / 4315m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); v (2007); ref.
0332 - Chu shar: +29°06'17",+87°35'50" / 4050m; FT-A; MT-A; n; nv (sat); ref.
0333 - Chu shar: +29°06'16",+87°35'24" / 4050m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); nv (sat)
0334 - Lha rtse: +29°07'56",+87°44'23" / 4030m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C; nv (sat)
0335 - Mang phu: +29°00'17",+87°37'48" / 4290m; FT-A, FT-C; MT-C (30m); nv (sat)
0336 - Mang phu: +28°57'45",+87°38'38" / 4325m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat)
0337 - Gzhis chen: +29°03'36",+87°41'16" / 4120m; FT-A; MT-C (45-50m); nv (sat)
0338 - Gra'u: +29°05'45",+87°34'35" / 4115m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); plus; v (1993)
0339 - Chos ma: +29°21'33",+87°48'42" / 4120m; FT-A; MT-C (75-80m); nv (sat/ref.); ref.
0340 - Chos ma: +29°21'31",+87°49'16" / 4110m; FT-A; MT-C (45m); nv (sat/ref.); ref.
0455 - Lha rtse: +29°07'39",+87°43'13" / 4135m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0456 - Gzhis chen: +29°03'58",+87°41'20" / 4015m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (10m); nv (sat)
0457 - Gzhis chen: +29°03'39",+87°41'45" / 4015m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0458 - Gzhis chen: +29°03'18",+87°41'25" / 4110m; FT-A, FT-B; MT-C (35m), MT-A; nv (sat)
0461 - Gzhis chen: +29°05'47",+87°41'49" / 4010m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)
0475 - Bkra shis sgang: +29°17'01",+88°05'41" / 4255m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0594 - Gra'u: +29°06'11",+87°27'20"; 4085m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat)
0595 - Chu shar: +29°05'17",+87°36'40"; 4080m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (20m); n; nv (sat)
0596 - Chu shar: +29°02'54",+87°37'38"; 4270m; FT-B; MT-A, MT-C (15m); nv (sat)
0597 - Chu shar: +29°02'49",+87°38'15"; 4140m; FT-C; MT-C (45m) s ?; nv (sat)
0598 - Bkra shis 'dzoms: +29°17'20",+87°47'16"; 4005m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat)
0599 - Chos ma: +29°13'34",+87°40'20"; 4040m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat)
0600 - Chos ma: +29°14'56",+87°40'34"; 4090m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat)
0601 - Chos ma: +29°15'25",+87°42'29"; 4000m; FT-C; MT-C (45m) s (plus 1?) nv (sat)
```
0602 - Chos ma: +29°15'59",+87°41'51"; 4085m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m) plus; nv (sat) 0603 - Chos ma: +29°16'57",+87°43'10"; 4070m; FT-A; MT-C (15m) ?; nv (sat) 0604 - Lha rtse: +29°12'55",+87°44'35"; 4085m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (15m) ?; nv (sat) 0605 - Lha rtse: +29°09'49",+87°42'06"; 4100m; FT-B; MT-C (15m) ?; nv (sat)

12. Gting skyes County [Ru lag] (2 sites)

```
0341 - Rgyal mkhar: +28°18'59",+87°46'18" / 4240m; FT-A; MT-C (35m); nv (sat/ref.)
```
0342 - Rgyal mkhar: +28°19'32",+87°47'16" / 4205m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (?); nv (sat)

#### 13. ding ri County [Ru lag] (12 sites)

0343 - Shel dkar: +28°43'50",+87°06'05" / 4450m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); plus (?); nv (sat/ref.); ref. 0344 - Bkra shis 'dzoms: +28°26'59",+87°00'25" / 4225m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat/ref.) 0345 - Bkra shis 'dzoms: +28°25'55",+87°01'42" / 4275m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat/ref.) 0346 - Bkra shis 'dzoms: +28°24'50",+86°58'05" / 4300m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat) 0347 - Bkra shis 'dzoms: +28°23'11",+86°58'41" / 4340m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0348 - Bkra shis 'dzoms: +28°23'39",+87°02'41" / 4285m; FT-A; MT-C (15-20m); nv (sat) 0349 - Bkra shis 'dzoms: +28°23'45",+87°08'46" / 4015m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m); plus; v (1993) 0411 - Gram mtsho: +28°37'49",+87°26'25" / 4370m; FT-A; MT-C (20m); nv (sat) 0412 - Gram mtsho: +28°39'17",+87°31'48" / 4410m; FT-A; MT-A (15m) (?); nv (sat) 0413 - Gram mtsho: +28°38'33",+87°30'55" / 4300m; FT-A; MT-C (25m); nv (sat) 0414 - Gram mtsho: +28°39'21",+87°30'38" / 4240m; FT-A; MT-A; nv (sat) 0415 - Gram mtsho: +28°37'59",+87°27'29" / 4300m; FT-A; MT-C (?); nv (sat)

#### 14. Sa dga' County

0354 - Dar rgyas gling: +29°30'04",+84°58'06" / 4560m; FT-A; MT-A (?); nv (sat)

#### 15. 'Brong pa County (3 sites)

0355 - G.yag ra: +29°31'56",+84°02'31" / 4585m; FT-A; MT-C (15m); nv (sat)

0356 - G.yag ra: +29°31'41",+84°02'28" / 4610m; FT-A; MT-C (10m); nv (sat)

0357 - Skye ma: +30°51'58",+84°28'45" / 4775m; FT-A; MT-A, MT-C (25m) (?); nv (sat)

#### **Nag chu Prefecture** [3]

1. nag chu County [1-2]

	- 2. dpal mgon County

# tABLE 2

## the burial mound sites in numerical order (0001-0616) (with prefecture, County and Horn (*ru*) reference given in brackets)

0001 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0002 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0003 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0004 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0005 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0006 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0007 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0008 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0009 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0010 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0011 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0012 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0013 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0014 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0015 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0016 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0017 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0018 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0019 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0020 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0021 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0022 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0023 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0024 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0025 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0026 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0027 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0028 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); **0029** (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0030 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0031 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); **0032** (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0033 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0034 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0035 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0036 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); **0037** (Lhokha:'phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0038 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0039 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0040 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0041 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0042 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0043 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0044 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0045 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0046 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); **0047** (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0048 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0049 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0050 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0051 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0052 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0053 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0054 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0055 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0056 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0057 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0058 (Lhokha:Sna dkar rtse [G.yo ru]); 0059 (Lhokha:Sna dkar rtse [G.yo ru]); 0060 (Lhokha:Sna dkar rtse [G.yo ru]); 0061 (Lhokha:Sna dkar rtse [G.yo ru]); 0062 (Lhokha:Sna dkar rtse [G.yo ru]); 0063 (Lhokha:Sna dkar rtse [G.yo ru]); 0064 (Lhokha:Lho brag [G.yo ru]); **0065** (Lhokha:Lho brag [G.yo ru]); 0066 (Lhokha:Lho brag [G.yo ru]); 0067 (Lhokha:Lho brag [G.yo ru]); 0068 (Lhokha:Lho brag [G.yo ru]); 0069 (Lhokha:Mtsho smad [G.yo ru]); 0070 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0071 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0072 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0073 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0074 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0075 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); **0076** (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0077 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0078 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0079 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0080 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0081 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0082 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0083 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0084 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0085 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0086 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0087 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0088 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0089 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0090 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0091 (Nyingtri:Snang [G.yo ru]); **0092** (Nyingtri:Snang [G.yo ru]); 0093 (Nyingtri:Snang [G.yo ru]); 0094 (Nyingtri:Snang [G.yo ru]); 0095 (Nyingtri:Snying khri [G.yo ru / Rkong po]); 0096 (Nyingtri:Snying khri [G.yo ru / Rkong po]); 0097 (nyingtri:Snying khri [G.yo ru / Rkong po]); 0098 (Nyingtri:Snying khri [G.yo ru / Rkong po]); 0099 (nyingtri:Snying khri [G.yo ru / Rkong po]); 0100 (Nyingtri:Rgya mda' [G.yo ru / Nyang po]); 0101 (Nyingtri:Rgya mda' [G.yo ru / Nyang po]); 0102 (Nyingtri:Spo smad [Spo bo]); 0103 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0104 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0105 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0106 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0107 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0108 (Lhasa:mal gro gung dkar [dbu ru]); 0109 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0110 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0111 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0112 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0113 (Lhasa:mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0114 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0115 (Lhasa:mal gro gung dkar [dbu ru]); 0116 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0117 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0118 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0119 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0120 (Lhasa:mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0121 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0122 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0123 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0124 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0125 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0126 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0127 (Lhasa:mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0128 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0129 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0130 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0131 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0132 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0133 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0134 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0135 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0136 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0137 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0138 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0139 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0140 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0141 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0142 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0143 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0144 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0145 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0146 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0147 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0148 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0149 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0150 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0151 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0152 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0153 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0154 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0155 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0156 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); **0157** (Lhasa:Lha sa municipality [Dbu ru]); 0158 (Lhasa:Lha sa municipality [Dbu ru]); 0159 (Lhasa:Lha sa municipality [obsolete]); 0160 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0161 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0162 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0163 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0164 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0165 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0166 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0167 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0168 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0169 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0170 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0171 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0172 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0173 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0174 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0175 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); **0176** (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0177 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0178 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0179 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0180 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0181 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0182 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0183 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0184 (Lhasa:'Dam gzhung [Dbu ru]); 0185 (Lhasa:'Dam gzhung [Dbu ru]); 0186 (Lhasa:'dam gzhung [dbu ru]); 0187 (Lhasa:'Dam gzhung [Dbu ru]); 0188 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0189 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0190 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0191 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0192 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0193 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0194 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0195 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0196 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0197 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0198 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0199 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0200 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0201 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0202 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0203 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0204 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0205 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0206 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0207 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0208 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0209 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0210 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0211 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0212 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0213 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0214 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0215 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0216 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0217 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0218 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0219 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0220 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0221 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0222 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0223 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0224 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0225 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0226 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0227 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0228 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0229 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0230 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0231 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0232 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0233 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0234 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0235 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0236 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0237 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0238 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0239 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0240 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0241 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0242 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0243 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0244 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0245 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0246 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0247 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0248 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0249 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0250 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0251 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0252 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0253 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0254 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0255 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0256 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0257 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0258 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0259 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0260 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0261 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0262 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0263 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0264 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0265 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0266 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0267 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0268 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0269 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0270 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0271 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0272 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0273 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0274 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0275 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0276 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0277 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0278 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0279 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0280 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0281 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0282 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0283 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0284 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0285 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0286 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0287 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0288 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0289 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0290 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0291 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0292 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0293 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0294 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0295 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0296 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0297 (Shigatse:Khang dmar [Ru lag]); 0298 (Shigatse:Khang dmar [Ru lag]); 0299 (Shigatse:Gro mo [Ru lag]); 0300 (Shigatse:Gro mo [Ru lag]); 0301 (Shigatse:Gro mo [Ru lag]); 0302 (Shigatse:Gro mo [Ru lag]); 0303 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0304 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0305 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0306 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0307 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0308 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0309 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0310 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0311 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0312 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0313 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0314 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0315 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0316 (Shigatse:Bzhad mthong smon [G.yas ru]); 0317 (Shigatse:Bzhad mthong smon [G.yas ru]); 0318 (Shigatse:Bzhad mthong smon [G.yas ru]); 0319 (Shigatse:Bzhad mthong smon [G.yas ru]); 0320 (Shigatse:Bzhad mthong smon [G.yas ru]); 0321 (Shigatse:Bzhad mthong smon [G.yas ru]); 0322 (Shigatse:Bzhad mthong smon [G.yas ru]); 0323 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0324 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); **0325** (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0326 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0327 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0328 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); **0329** (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0330 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0331 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0332 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0333 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0334 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0335 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0336 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0337 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0338 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); **0339** (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0340 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0341 (Shigatse:Gting skyes [Ru lag]); 0342 (Shigatse:Gting skyes [Ru lag]); 0343 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0344 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0345 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0346 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0347 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0348 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0349 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0350 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0351 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0352 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0353 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0354 (Shigatse:Sa dga' [Sa dga']); 0355 (Shigatse:'Brong pa ['Brong pa]); 0356 (Shigatse:'Brong pa ['Brong pa]); 0357 (Shigatse:'Brong pa ['Brong pa]); 0358 (Nag Chu:Nag chu [Nag chu]); 0359 (Nag Chu:Nag chu [Nag chu]); 0360 (Nag Chu:Dpal mgon [Dpal mgon]); 0361 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0362 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0363 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0364 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0365 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0366 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0367 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); **0368** (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0369 (Lhokha:Lho brag [G.yo ru]); 0370 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0371 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0372 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0373 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0374 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0375 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0376 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0377 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0378 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0379 (Lhasa:Stod lung [Dbu ru]); 0380 (Lhasa:Stod lung [obsolet]); 0381 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0382 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0383 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0384 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0385 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0386 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0387 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0388 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0389 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0390 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0391 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0392 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0393 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0394 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0395 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0396 (Lhokha:'Phyongs rgyas [G.yo ru]); 0397 (Lhasa:Lha sa municipality [Dbu ru]); 0398 (Lhasa:Lha sa municipality [Dbu ru]); 0399 (Lhasa:'Dam gzhung [Dbu ru]); 0400 (Lhasa:'Dam gzhung [Dbu ru]); 0401 (Lhasa:'Dam gzhung [Dbu ru]); 0402 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0403 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0404 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0405 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0406 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0407 (Lhasa:Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0408 (Lhasa:Lha sa municipality [Dbu ru]); **0409** (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0410 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0411 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0412 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0413 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0414 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0415 (Shigatse:Ding ri [Ru lag]); 0416 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0417 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0418 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0419 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0420 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0421 (Lhokha:Sna dkar rtse [G.yo ru]); 0422 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0423 (Lhokha:Rgya tsva [G.yo ru]); 0424 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0425 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0426 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0427 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0428 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0429 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0430 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0431 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0432 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0433 (Lhokha:Sne gdong [G.yo ru]); 0434 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0435 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0436 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0437 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0438 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0439 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0440 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0441 (Lhokha:Chu gsum [G.yo ru]); 0442 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0443 (Lhokha:Zangs ri [G.yo ru]); 0444 (Lhokha:Mtsho smad [G.yo ru]); 0445 (Lhokha:Mtsho smad [G.yo ru]); 0446 (Lhokha:Mtsho smad [G.yo ru]); 0447 (Lhokha:Mtsho smad [G.yo ru]); 0448 (Lhokha:Mtsho smad [G.yo ru]); 0449 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0450 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0451 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0452 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0453 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0454 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0455 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0456 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0457 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0458 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0459 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0460 (Shigatse:Sa skya [Ru lag]); 0461 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0462 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0463 (Lhasa:Lha sa municipality [Dbu ru]); 0464 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0465 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0466 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0467 (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag / G.yas ru]); 0468 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0469 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0470 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0471 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0472 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0473 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0474 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0475 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0476 (Shigatse:Ngam ring [G.yas ru / Ru lag]); 0477 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0478 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0479 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0480 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0481 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0482 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0483 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0484 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0485 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0486 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0487 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0488 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0489 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0490 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0491 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0492 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0493 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0494 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0495 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0496 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0497 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0498 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0499 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0500 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0501 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0502 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0503 (Shigatse:Pa snam [Ru lag]); 0504 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0505 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0506 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0507 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0508 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0509 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0510 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0511 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0512 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0513 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0514 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0515 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0516 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0517 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0518 (Shigatse:Rgyal rtse [Ru lag]); 0519 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0520 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0521 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0522 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0523 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0524 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0525 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0526 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0527 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0528 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0529 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0530 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0531 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0532 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0533 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0534 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0535 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0536 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0537 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0538 (Lhokha:Mtsho sna [G.yo ru]); 0539 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0540 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0541 (Lhokha:Lhun rtse [G.yo ru]); 0542 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0543 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0544 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0545 (Shigatse:Rnam gling [G.yas ru]); 0546 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0547 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0548 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0549 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0550 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0551 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0552 (Lhasa:Snye mo [Dbu ru / G.yas ru]); 0553 (Shigatse:Rin spung [Ru lag]); 0554 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0555 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0556 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0557 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0558 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0559 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0560 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0561 (Lhasa:Chu shur [Dbu ru]); 0562 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); 0563 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0564 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0565 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0566 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0567 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0568 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0569 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0570 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0571 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0572 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0573 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0574 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0575 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0576 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0577 (Lhokha:Grva nang [G.yo ru]); 0578 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0579 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0580 (Lhasa:Lhun grub [Dbu ru]); **0581** (Shigatse:Gzhis kha rtse [Ru lag]); 0582 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0583 (Lhasa: Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0584 (Lhasa:Mal gro gung dkar [Dbu ru]); 0585 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0586 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [obsolet]); 0587 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0588 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0589 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0590 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0591 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); **0592** (Lhokha:Gong dkar [Dbu ru]); 0593 (Lhokha:Gong dkar [G.yo ru]); 0594 (Lha rtse: Gra'u [Ru lag]); 0595 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0596 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0597 (Shigatse: Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0598 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0599 Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0600 Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0601 Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0602 Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0603 Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0604 (Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]); 0605 Shigatse:Lha rtse [Ru lag]). 0606 (Lhasa: Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0607 (Lhasa: 'Brom stod [Dbu ru]); 0608 (Lhasa: 'Brom stod [Dbu ru]); 0609 (Lhasa: Lhasa municipality[Dbu ru]); 0610 (Lhasa: Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0611 (Lhasa: Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0612 (Lhasa: Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0613 (Lhasa: Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0614 (Lhasa: Lhasa municipality[Dbu ru]); 0615 (Lhasa: Stag rtse [Dbu ru]); 0616 (Lhasa: Stag rtse [dbu ru]).

\* \* \*

# ILLuStRAtIonS

# **Examples of burial mound sites in Central Tibet**

Fig. 1. The landscape of a tumulus feld in Central Tibet: the site of 0281 in the Ser po valley of myang stod (Rgyal rtse County). photo: G. Hazod 2008

Fig. 2. The classical burial mound feld is situated not far from the settlement and arable zone – the grave feld of Spang skyid (0172) in Upper Stod lung, Stod lung County (feld type: FT-A). Photo: G. Hazod 2013

fig. 3. the central mound of 0105 in eastern mal gro, mal gro Gung dkar County – a tumulus feld higher up in the mountain region (FT-B type). Photo: G. Hazod 2014

fig. 4. the massive "coffer-shaped" type of tumulus: the elite tombs of 0076 situated in central G.ye yul, Chu gsum County. photo: G. Hazod 2005

fig. 5. the single mound: the elite tomb of 0325, Chu 'og district, ngam ring County. Map data: Google, Maxar Technologies 2011; modifcations and additional data: G. Hazod

fig. 6. plundered tombs. Almost all tumuli are historically opened mounds – usually indicated by the indentation at the top of the mounds: the tumulus site of 0581, situated next to the famous Zha lu monastery in Lower myang (Rgya mtsho gzhung district, Gzhis kha rtse County). Map data: Google, Maxar Technologies 2011; modifcations and additional data: G. Hazod

Fig. 7. The enormous crater on top of the central mound of 0581 (M-1 of Fig. 6); in the background Zha lu, village and monastery. photo: G. Zotti 2019

fig. 8. the situation of destroyed mounds provides access for examination and sometimes serves as an essential requirement for reconstructing the graves' inner architecture: an opened tomb of 0131 (thang dga' district, Stag rtse County). photo: H. feiglstorfer 2014

Fig. 9. The landscape of the tumulus felds of Khrom chen (western Gtsang, Lha rtse County). the site with altogether ca. 135 burial mounds of various categories is assumed to have been used as "family cemetery" – associated with the aristocratic family of 'Bro. Map data: Google, Maxar Technologies 2012; modifcations and additional data: G. Hazod

fig. 10. Grave decoration: a tomb lion from the burial ground of 0242, Grub brgya district, Lhun grub County. photo: m. Gamon 2019

fig. 11. the tomb of Emperor Songtsen Gampo (d. 649 CE) situated in the royal grave feld of Mu ra (0032), 'Phyong rgyas Distirict. The temple on top of the mound is from the early 13th century. photo: G. Hazod 2013

# REfEREnCES


#### **Geodata Sources**

Gtopo30 1993:

Gtopo30, uSGS (united States Geological Survey) based global digital elevation model, 30 arc second scenes, 1993. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevationgtopo30?qt-science\_center\_objects=0#qt-science\_center\_objects

nE 2014:

natural Earth II Raster data (1 : 10 000 000), version 3.2.0, 2014. -

https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-raster-data/10m-natural-earth-2/

oSm 2018:

openStreetmap, used features: rivers, lakes, highways & administrative borders, 2018. -

https://www.openstreetmap.org

SRtm 2000:

SRtm (Shuttle Radar topography mission), uSGS (united States Geological Survey) based digital elevation model, 3 arc second scenes, 2000. - https://lta.cr.usgs.gov/SRtm

tHL 2000:

tHL (tibetan & Himalayan Libraray), formerly tHdL (tibetan & Himalayan digital Library), used data: administrative boundaries (prefectures = level 2 &counties = level 3) of tAR (tibetan Autonomous Region), 2000. http://www.thlib.org

#### **Acknowledgments**

daniel nell, a member of the Cartography working group at the university of Vienna, department of Geography and Regional Research was in charge of the graphic design and cartographic realization. Jürgen Schörfinger, a member of the TTT team at the Austrian Academy of Sciences' Institute for Social Anthropology (ISA) and of the Center for Interdisciplinary Research and documentation of Inner and South Asian Cultural History, Vienna university (CIRdIS), coordinated together with daniel nell the implementation. the historic map content was integrated in close cooperation with Guntram Hazod (Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia (IKGA), Austrian Academy of Sciences), who is the principle investigator and project leader of ttt. Karel Kriz, the project leader of the Cartography working group at the university of Vienna, department of Geography and Regional Research was responsible for the map conception and cartographic implementation.



Diese von Karel Kriz und Guntram Hazod erstellte Karte ist aus einer Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Institut für Sozialanthropologie (ISA) der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und dem Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung der Universität Wien entstanden. Sie dokumentiert die Position der über 600 Hügelgräberfelder von Zentraltibet, die das am ISA angesiedelte Projekt "The Burial Mounds of Central Tibet" bisher registrieren konnte. Diese Orte, die historisch der Zeit des Tibetischen Reiches (7.–9. Jh. u. Z.) zuzuordnen sind, verweisen im geographisch relativ kleinen Gebiet von Zentraltibet, der Kernregion des tibetischen Reiches, auf eine Tumulus-Landschaft von enormer Dichte. Das Beiheft zur Karte erläutert die Grundthematik der tibetischen Tumulus-Geschichte und beinhaltet eine Aufistung der Gräberorte und ihrer prinzipiellen Klassifzierungen.

The Burial Mound Sites

Karel Kriz and Guntram Hazod

of Imperial Central Tibet

Map scale 1:800.000

This map created by Karel Kriz and Guntram Hazod is the result of a cooperation between the Institute for Social Anthropology (ISA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Geography and Regional Research of the University of Vienna. It illustrates the position of the more than 600 burial mound felds of the Central Tibetan region that have been registered so far by the project "The Burial Mounds of Central Tibet" at ISA. The entries, historically related to the time of the Tibetan Empire (7th–9th century CE), reveal a tumulus landscape of enormous concentration in the relatively small geographic area of Central Tibet – the heartland of the Tibetan Empire. The supplement gives insight in the general topic of the burial mound history and includes a listing of the sites and their principal classifcations.

Karel KRIZ ist Assistenzprofessor am Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung der Universität Wien.

The Burial Mound Sites of Imperial Central Tibet Karel Kriz and Guntram Hazod DPH 525

Guntram HAZOD ist Senior Researcher am Institut für Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

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