TY  - CHAP
AU  - Baranova, Julija
AU  - Enfield, N.J.
AU  - S. Gísladóttir, Rósa
AU  - Drew, Paul
AU  - Hoymann, Gertie
AU  - Brown, Penelope
AU  - Blythe, Joe
AU  - Gipper, Sonja
AU  - Magyari, Lilla
AU  - Manrique, Elizabeth
AU  - Rossi, Giovanni
AU  - Floyd, Simeon
AU  - Dingemanse, Mark
AU  - Torreira, Francisco
AU  - H. Kendrick, Kobin
AU  - Dirksmeyer, Tyko
AU  - C. Levinson, Stephen
AU  - San Roque, Lila
AU  - Enfield, N.J.
AU  - Dingemanse, Mark
AU  - Baranova, Julija
AU  - S. Gísladóttir, Rósa
AU  - Drew, Paul
AU  - Hoymann, Gertie
AU  - Brown, Penelope
AU  - Blythe, Joe
AU  - Gipper, Sonja
AU  - Magyari, Lilla
AU  - Manrique, Elizabeth
AU  - Rossi, Giovanni
AU  - Floyd, Simeon
AU  - Torreira, Francisco
AU  - H. Kendrick, Kobin
AU  - Dirksmeyer, Tyko
AU  - C. Levinson, Stephen
AU  - San Roque, Lila
AB  - Introduction A comparison of conversation in twenty-one languages from around the world reveals commonalities and differences in the way that people do open-class other-initiation of repair (Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks, 1977; Drew, 1997). We find that speakers of all of the spoken languages in the sample make use of a primary interjection strategy (in English it is Huh?), where the phonetic form of the interjection is strikingly similar across the languages: a monosyllable featuring an open non-back vowel [a, æ, ə, ʌ], often nasalized, usually with rising intonation and sometimes an [h-] onset. We also find that most of the languages have another strategy for open-class other-initiation of repair, namely the use of a question word (usually “what”). Here we find significantly more variation across the languages. The phonetic form of the question word involved is completely different from language to language: e.g., English [wɑt] versus Cha'palaa [ti] versus Duna [aki]. Furthermore, the grammatical structure in which the repair-initiating question word can or must be expressed varies within and across languages. In this chapter we present data on these two strategies – primary interjections like Huh? and question words like What? – with discussion of possible reasons for the similarities and differences across the languages. We explore some implications for the notion of repair as a system, in the context of research on the typology of language use. The general outline of this chapter is as follows. We first discuss repair as a system across languages and then introduce the focus of the chapter: open-class other-initiation of repair. A discussion of the main findings follows, where we identify two alternative strategies in the data: an interjection strategy (Huh?) and a question word strategy (What?). Formal features and possible motivations are discussed for the interjection strategy and the question word strategy in order. A final section discusses bodily behavior including posture, eyebrow movements and eye gaze, both in spoken languages and in a sign language.
DO  - 10.26530/OAPEN_630828
ID  - OAPEN ID: 630828
ID  - OAPEN ID: OCN: 1030822554
KW  - languages
KW  - languages
KW  - Glider competition classes
KW  - Icelandic language
KW  - Interjection
KW  - Interrogative word
KW  - Mandarin Chinese
KW  - Phonetics
KW  - Sign language
KW  - Spoken language
L1  - https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/dd5290c3-1beb-44aa-b2a2-76d0613fcf91/630828.pdf
LA  - English
LK  - http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31343
PB  - Cambridge University Press
PY  - 2013
TI  - Chapter 12 Huh? What? – A first survey in 21 languagesnull
ER  - 
