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dc.contributor.authorKeesing, John K.
dc.contributor.authorGartner, Adam
dc.contributor.authorWestera, Mark
dc.contributor.authorEdgar, Graham J.
dc.contributor.authorMyers, Joanne
dc.contributor.authorHardman-Mountford, Nick J.
dc.contributor.authorBailey, Mark
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-15T10:00:41Z
dc.date.available2021-03-15T10:00:41Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.urihttps://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/47258
dc.description.abstractMarine invertebrates and macrophytes are sensitive to the toxic effects of oil. Depending on the intensity, duration and circumstances of the exposure, they can suffer high levels of initial mortality together with prolonged sublethal effects that can act at individual, population and community levels. Under some circumstances, recovery from these impacts can take years to decades. However, effects are variable because some taxa are less sensitive than others, and many factors can mitigate the degree of exposure, meaning that impacts are moderate in many cases, and recovery occurs within a few years. Exposure is affected by a myriad of factors including: type and amount of oil, extent of weathering, persistence of exposure, application of dispersants or other clean-up measures, habitat type, temperature and depth, species present and their stage of development or maturity, and processes of recolonisation, particularly recruitment. Almost every oil spill is unique in terms of its impact because of differing levels of exposure and the type of habitats, communities and species assemblages in the receiving environment. Between 1970 and February 2017, there were 51 significant oil spills in Australia. Five occurred offshore with negligible likely or expected impacts. Of the others, only 24 of the spills were studied in detail, while 19 had only cursory or no assessment despite the potential for oil spills to impact the marine environment. The majority were limited to temperate waters, although 10 of the 14 spills since 2000 were in tropical coastal or offshore areas, seven were in north Queensland in areas close to the Great Barrier Reef. All four spills that have occurred from offshore petroleum industry infrastructure have occurred since 2009. In Australia, as elsewhere, a prespill need exists to assess the risk of a spill, establish environmental baselines, determine the likely exposure of the receiving environment, and test the toxicity of the oil against key animal and plant species in the area of potential impact. Subsequent to any spill, the baseline provides a reference for targeted impact monitoring.en_US
dc.languageEnglishen_US
dc.subject.classificationthema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biologyen_US
dc.subject.classificationthema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)en_US
dc.subject.classificationthema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interesten_US
dc.subject.classificationthema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technologyen_US
dc.subject.otheroil spills, marine life, marine invertebrates, algae, seagrass, ocean toxicity, marine habitats, Australian marine life, oil spill Australiaen_US
dc.titleChapter 5 Impacts and Environmental Risks of Oil Spills on Marine Invertebrates, Algae and Seagrassen_US
dc.title.alternativeA Global Review from an Australian Perspectiveen_US
dc.typechapter
oapen.relation.isPublishedBy7b3c7b10-5b1e-40b3-860e-c6dd5197f0bben_US
oapen.relation.isPartOfBookfeb7b190-36eb-461b-bc74-1c38e807ec11
oapen.relation.isbn9780429454455en_US
oapen.imprintCRC Pressen_US
oapen.pages61en_US
oapen.remark.publicFunding project name: CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere
peerreview.anonymitySingle-anonymised
peerreview.idbc80075c-96cc-4740-a9f3-a234bc2598f1
peerreview.open.reviewNo
peerreview.publish.responsibilityPublisher
peerreview.review.stagePre-publication
peerreview.review.typeProposal
peerreview.reviewer.typeInternal editor
peerreview.reviewer.typeExternal peer reviewer
peerreview.titleProposal review
oapen.review.commentsTaylor & Francis open access titles are reviewed as a minimum at proposal stage by at least two external peer reviewers and an internal editor (additional reviews may be sought and additional content reviewed as required).


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