On Two Translations by the Likhudi Brothers: Assertions and Conjectures. The article focuses on some translations from Italian and Latin by the brothers Ioannikii and Sofronii Likhud. The first part is devoted to a group of Italian documents kept in the Moscow archive RGADA, that were produced in view of Peter the Great’s expected visit to Venice (1698). The most extensive among them is a treatise by the Venetian master of artillery S. Alberghetti, who had invented a new type of cannons and shells to be installed on ships. It was a new and difficult subject for the Likhuds, and the articles analyses some features of their translation. The second part of the articles seeks to identify the source of a translation whose manuscript so far has not been found. It is one of two Latin books mentioned in a letter by Iov, the Metropolitan of Novgorod, as sent to be translated by the Likhud brothers. The hypothesis, which might help in the research of the translation, is that the book was not Virgil’s Aeneid, as is commonly believed, but an engraved commentary to the Aeneid, published in Nuremberg in 1688.