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        Light Scattering Techniques for the Determination of Mass Diffusivities in Molecular and Particulate Systems

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        Author(s)
        Wu, Wenchang
        Language
        English
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        Abstract
        The aim of this thesis is to further develop and evaluate light scattering techniques, namely the dynamic light scattering (DLS), the shadowgraph method, and the differential dynamic microscopy (DDM), for the accurate determination of mass diffusivities in molecular and particulate systems. All of the aforementioned techniques are based on the temporal analysis of fluctuations in the intensity of scattered light. Their experimental realizations, however, differ significantly. While DLS typically detects scattered light in the far-field, the shadowgraph method and DDM analyze the scattered light in the near-field. Moreover, the shadowgraph method relies on the formation of non-equilibrium fluctuations in fluid density in the presence of macroscopic temperature and concentration gradients, whereas DLS and DDM can be applied to systems that are in thermodynamic equilibrium. In this work, DLS and the shadowgraph method were applied to determine the Fick diffusion coefficient in molecular systems. DLS and DDM methods were applied to determine the particle diffusivity in particulate systems. Based on the findings, the distinctions between these light scattering techniques in terms of experimental complexity, data analysis, applicability to various systems, and attainable uncertainty are identified. Guidelines regarding their applicability for the accurate determination of mass diffusivity are presented. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Weiterentwicklung und Bewertung von Lichtstreuungstechniken, nämlich der dynamischen Lichtstreuung (DLS), der Schattenfotographie-Methode und der differenziellen dynamischen Mikroskopie (DDM) zur genauen Bestimmung von Massendiffusionskoeffizienten in molekularen und partikulären Systemen. Alle oben genannten Techniken basieren auf der zeitlichen Analyse von Schwankungen in der Intensität von gestreutem Licht. Ihre experimentelle Umsetzung unterscheidet sich jedoch erheblich. Während DLS typischerweise gestreutes Licht im Fernfeld erkennt, analysieren die Schattenfotographie-Methode und die DDM das gestreute Licht im Nahfeld. Darüber hinaus beruht die Schattenfotographie-Methode auf der Bildung von Nichtgleichgewichtsfluktuationen der Flüssigkeitsdichte in Gegenwart makroskopischer Temperatur- und Konzentrationsgradienten, während DLS und DDM auf Systeme angewendet werden können, die sich im thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht befinden. In dieser Arbeit wurden DLS und die Schattenfotographie-Methode angewendet, um den Fick-Diffusionskoeffizienten in molekularen Systemen zu bestimmen. DLS- und DDM-Methoden wurden angewendet, um die Partikeldiffusionsfähigkeiten in partikulären Systemen zu bestimmen. Basierend auf den Erkenntnissen werden die Unterschiede zwischen diesen Lichtstreuungstechniken in Bezug auf experimentelle Komplexität, Datenanalyse, Anwendbarkeit auf verschiedene Systeme und erreichbare Unsicherheit identifiziert. Richtlinien bezüglich ihrer Anwendbarkeit für die genaue Bestimmung der Massendiffusivität werden vorgestellt.
        URI
        https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/109125
        Keywords
        Differential Dynamic Microscopy; Molecular Systems; Light Scattering; Photon Correlation Spectroscopy; Particulate Systems; Equilibrium Fluctuations; Diffusion Coefficients; Shadowgraph Method; Dynamic Light Scattering; Non-equilibrium Fluctuations
        DOI
        10.25593/978-3-96147-792-0
        ISBN
        9783961477920, 9783961477920, 9783961477913
        Publisher
        FAU University Press
        Publisher website
        https://www.university-press.fau.de/
        Publication date and place
        Erlangen, 2024
        Series
        FAU Studies Chemical and Biological Engineering, 4
        Classification
        Biochemical engineering
        Pages
        137
        Rights
        https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
        • Imported or submitted locally

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        Credits

        • logo EU
        • This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 683680, 810640, 871069 and 964352.

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