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    Die zivilrechtliche Haftung für autonome Drohnen unter Einbezug von Zulassungs- und Betriebsvorschriften

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    Author(s)
    Hänsenberger, Silvio
    Collection
    Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
    Language
    German
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    Abstract
    The characteristics and abilities of autonomous drones pose major chal­lenges for liability law. Nowadays only personal injury and damage to property on the ground are covered by strict liability (Art. 64 para. 1 Swiss Aviation Act). Injured parties are in danger of being left without legal pro­tection in the event of mid-air collisions, as claims for damages cannot be asserted on the basis of erroneous decisions by an algorithm, either through liability for wilful or negligent wrongdoing (Art. 41 para. 1 Swiss Code of Obligations) or product liability. The same applies to purely pecu­niary loss. The question of liability for wilful or negligent wrongdoing arises only if duties of care were violated when using autonomous drones. Such duties of care may ensue from permit and operating regulations. Currently autonomous flights without the possibility of direct control and beyond a pilot’s field of vision are allowed only with special permits. As international efforts show, such barriers will come down in future. Appropriate licensing and operating regulations as described in this dissertation will therefore be required. At the same time it will be necessary to extend strict liability under aviation law for unmanned aircraft that are not steered by a pilot to damage in the event of mid-air collisions and to purely pecuniary damage. The specific legal formulations and their legislative implementation are proposed and discussed here for this purpose.
     
    Die Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten autonomer Drohnen stellen das Haft­pflichtrecht vor grosse Herausforderungen. Heute sind nur Personen- und Sachschäden auf der Erde durch eine Gefährdungshaftung (Art. 64 Abs. 1 LFG) gedeckt. Bei Luftkollisionen drohen Geschädigte ohne Rechtsschutz zu bleiben, da Schadenersatzansprüche aufgrund von Fehlentscheidungen eines Algorithmus weder mittels Verschuldenshaftung (Art. 41 Abs. 1 OR) noch mit der Haftung für Produkte durchsetzbar sind. Dasselbe gilt bei reinen Vermögensschäden. Einzig falls beim Einsatz autonomer Drohnen Sorgfaltspflichten verletzt wurden, kommt eine Haftung aus Verschulden infrage. Solche Sorgfaltspflichten können sich aus Zulassungs- und Be­triebsvorschriften ergeben. Heute sind autonome Flüge ohne direkte Kon­trollmöglichkeit und ausserhalb des Sichtbereichs eines Piloten nur mit Ausnahmebewilligungen erlaubt. Künftig werden solche Schranken weg­fallen, wie internationale Bestrebungen zeigen. Dafür sind sachgerechte Zulassungs- und Betriebsvorschriften notwendig, die in dieser Dissertation beschrieben werden. Gleichzeitig bedarf es einer Ausdehnung der luft­rechtlichen Gefährdungshaftung für unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge, die nicht durch einen Piloten gesteuert werden, auf Schäden bei Luftkollisionen und auf reine Vermögensschäden. Zu diesem Zweck werden vorliegend kon­krete Gesetzesformulierungen vorgeschlagen und deren gesetzgeberische Umsetzung erörtert.
     
    URI
    http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/25796
    Keywords
    Law; Public Liability Law; Aviation Law; Robots Law; Robotics; Autonomous Systems; Drones; unmanned aerial vehicle; Recht; Haftpflichtrecht; Luftrecht; Roboterrecht; Robotik; autonome Systeme; Drohnen
    DOI
    10.24921/2018.94115928
    ISBN
    9783941159273
    OCN
    1100525218
    Publisher
    Carl Grossmann Verlag
    Publisher website
    http://www.carlgrossmann.com/
    Publication date and place
    Berlin; Bern, 2018
    Grantor
    • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
    Series
    sui generis, 3
    Classification
    Law
    Jurisprudence & general issues
    Aviation law
    Robotics
    Pages
    304
    Rights
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
    • Imported or submitted locally

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    Credits

    • logo EU
    • This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 683680, 810640, 871069 and 964352.

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