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    Chapter 4 The Oceanography and Marine Ecology of Ningaloo, A World Heritage Area

    Proposal review

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    Author(s)
    Vanderklift, Mathew A.
    Babcock, Russell C.
    Barnes, Peter B.
    Cresswell, Anna K.
    Feng, Ming
    Haywood, Michael D. E.
    Holmes, Thomas H.
    Lavery, Paul S.
    Pillans, Richard D.
    Smallwood, Claire B.
    Thomson, Damian P.
    Tucker, Anton D.
    Waples, Kelly
    Wilson, Shaun K.
    Language
    English[eng]
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    The Ningaloo coast of north-western Australia (eastern Indian Ocean) hosts one of the world’s longest and most extensive fringing coral reef systems, along with globally-significant abundances of large marine fauna such as whale sharks. These characteristics — which have contributed to its inscription on the World Heritage list — exist because of the unique climatic, geomorphologic and oceanographic conditions. The region is hot and arid, so runoff of water from land is low, facilitating clear water that allows corals to grow close to the shore. The poleward-flowing Leeuwin Current is an important influence, bringing warm water and generally suppressing coastal upwelling. During the austral summer, strong southerly winds generate the equatorward-flowing Ningaloo Current on the inner shelf — this current facilitates sporadic upwelling events that enhance concentrations of nutrients, which in turn enhances pelagic primary productivity that supports the reef’s biota. The coast has experienced several marine heatwaves since 2011 that have caused mortality of corals, and probably seagrass, albeit relatively less than elsewhere along the coast. Wind-generated surface waves break over the fringing reef crest, causing cooling currents that tend to dampen warming — although this mechanism seems not to have prevented some areas from experiencing damaging heat, and corals in places that do not experience the wave-generated currents have experienced substantial mortality. Herbivores, from fish to green turtles, are abundant, and in the lagoon extensive stands of large brown algae provide an important habitat for newly-recruited fish. There has been a decline in abundance of some fish. Predictions of future pressures include a weaker but more variable Leeuwin Current, and increased human use. The ability of Ningaloo’s ecosystems to withstand growing pressures will depend partly on the rate and magnitude of global warming, but also on actions that manage local pressures from increasing human use. These actions will rely on continued science to provide the evidence needed to identify the pressures, the changes they create and the ways that we can mitigate them.
    Book
    Oceanography and Marine Biology
    URI
    https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/43147
    Keywords
    Volume, Todd, Swearer, Smith, S, Russell, Review, P, OMBAR, Oceanography, Marine, L, I, Hawkins, Firth, Evans, Biology, Bates,B, Annual, Allcock
    ISBN
    9780367367947, 9780429351495, 9780367524722
    Publisher
    Taylor & Francis
    Publisher website
    https://taylorandfrancis.com/
    Publication date and place
    2020
    Imprint
    CRC Press
    Classification
    Marine biology
    Rights
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
    • Imported or submitted locally

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    • If not noted otherwise all contents are available under Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

    Credits

    • logo EU
    • This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 683680, 810640, 871069 and 964352.

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