Multi-frequency and multi-GNSS PPP phase bias estimation and ambiguity resolution

Abstract

Multi-frequency and multi-GNSS measurements from modernized satellites are properly integrated for PPP with ambiguity resolution to achieve the state-of-the-art fast and accurate positioning, which provides an important contribution to GNSS precise positioning and applications. The multi-frequency and multi-GNSS PPP phase bias estimation and ambiguity resolution, which is accomplished by a unified model based on the uncombined PPP, are thoroughly evaluated with special focus on Galileo and BDS.