In the last hundred years, the progress of science in its various disciplines has been prodigious and the University of Florence, in connection with international research groups, has developed excellent research. The progress achieved has favored the creation of new university courses and technological transfer with important advantages for the city and its economy. Examples of these interactions are physics and astronomy studies with the application development of new technologies, naturalistic studies with precious natural history collections, structural and biochemical studies for the development of new drugs and vaccines, the numerous applications of mathematical sciences, statistics and information technology and the development of science for the conservation of cultural heritage.