The farm is the basic economic unit of agricultural production. Mastering the concepts and methodological tools of its economy therefore appears essential to fostering sustainable development, particularly in southern countries. Following a presentation of the different categories of farm, this book deals with the agroecological and socio-economic conditions of agricultural production. It addresses farm management by analyzing the concept of opportunity cost of production factors, the law of productivities and diminishing returns, the components of economic rationality and the principles of technical-economic management of the agricultural production system. It describes the criteria, indicators and methods for economic characterization and evaluation of the farm and production system, as well as farm dynamics. Finally, it demonstrates the contribution of economic calculation to the comparative analysis of farms. Designed for professionals involved in supporting the development of farms in developing countries, as well as for teachers and students in training courses for agricultural engineers, agricultural economists and agricultural technicians, this book offers conceptual and methodological tools for analyzing agrarian realities, facilitating dialogue with farmers and the formulation or evaluation of policies, programs or projects in favor of agricultural development. It can be used for studies as well as external interventions. It can also be used to train professionals or future professionals in agricultural development.production. It addresses farm management by analyzing the concept of opportunity cost of production factors, the law of productivities and diminishing returns, the components of economic rationality and the principles of technical-economic management of the agricultural production system. It describes the criteria, indicators and methods for economic characterization and evaluation of the farm and production system, as well as farm dynamics. Finally, it demonstrates the contribution of economic calculation to the comparative analysis of farms.