Cotton produces the majority of natural fibers used in clothing today. The production of this fiber, a raw material marketed worldwide, can be reduced to nothing if disease or pest attacks are not kept under control. The book deals with the methods used to protect cotton against insects and mites, and highlights the limits of techniques that can be used depending on the socio-economic contexts of producing countries in Africa and South America: arthropod species involved, types of damage, natural regulation, available control strategies and methods, etc. Based on existing practices, the authors analyze the prospects open to cotton producers for protecting their crops in a world facing climate change. They underline the need to consider problems in a holistic way, and discuss optimizing approaches according to situations, considering landscape structure for example.